Search

A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

This manuscript presents a non-contact ultrasonic system for large-scale additive manufacturing, where the low-intensity ultrasound without cavitation refines grains via dendrite fragmentation through acoustic streaming and Marangoni-driven melt flow.

Counterintuitively, the presence of water is found to improve the performance of quantum-dot light-emitting diodes.

Going from model development to a pilot implementation study, a deep learning model shows that acute aortic syndrome can be diagnosed directly from noncontrast CT, increasing accuracy and decreasing time to diagnosis.

This paper assesses methane emission reduction sources, costs, and uncertainties in China’s methane pathways through 2060. It identifies significant cost-effective methane reduction potential in the energy and agriculture sectors as early as 2030.

The H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) remain dominant in live poultry markets in China, and H9N2 AIVs with HA-Q226L, PB2-V/K627 and NP-N52 mutations can be transmitted between guinea pigs and between ferrets via direct contact and respiratory droplet.

Rising global military spending significantly increases CO₂ emission intensity, potentially jeopardizing the 1.5 °C and 2 °C climate targets if military expenditure ratio exceeds critical thresholds.

A method called UltraSelex for identifying RNA aptamers has been developed. UltraSelex is noniterative and can combine biochemical partitioning, high-throughput sequencing and computational signal-to-background rank modeling of hits in approximately 1 day.

The observation of the transition from hcp H₂ to a post-hcp structure with a six-fold larger supercell at pressures above 212 GPa is reported, indicating the trend of H₂ polymerization through molecular association.

Nb-W-O materials enable rapid Li⁺ storage, yet sub-minute charging remains unlocked. Here, the authors investigate fast-charging of Nb₁₆W₅O₅₅ cathode, revealing rate-dependent lattice relaxation and [010]-preferred Li⁺ transport, proposing interface engineering to enhance intercalation and achieve ~116 mAh g⁻¹ at 80 C in 45 s.

Active targeting and cytosolic delivery of therapeutic payloads are challenging in small extracellular vesicle-based drug delivery systems. Here, the authors engineer fusogen and targeting moiety co-functionalized cell-derived nanovesicles, which can selectively bind to target cells and efficiently fulfill cytosolic delivery through membrane fusion.

Tumour microenvironment has been linked with immunotherapy response in gastric cancer. Here, the authors use CT-based radiomics to predict neutrophils-to-lymphocyte ratio and response to immunotherapy.

This study reveals gut microbial and metabolomic features associated with the severity of frailty, demonstrating that these microbial features outperform traditional assessment tools in identifying individuals at high risk of frailty and mortality.

Immature function and fragility hinder application of hESC-derived β cells (SC-β cell) for diabetes cell therapy. Here, the authors identify ZnT8 as a gene editing target to enhance the insulin secretion and cell survival under metabolic stress by abolishing zinc transport in SC-β cells.

The clinical application of data-driven deep learning models remains challenging. Here, a biology-guided deep learning approach allows the simultaneous prediction of the tumour immune and stromal microenvironment status as well as treatment outcomes from medical images in gastric cancer.

Strategies to improve the specificity of nuclease-based prime editor (PEn) are needed. Here the authors report a 53BP1-inhibitory ubiquitin variant-assisted PEn platform (uPEn) to inhibit NHEJ and enable precise prime editing for generation of insertions, deletions and replacements.

The promise of quantum simulation is challenged by resource estimates that far exceed the capabilities of current devices. This work shows that tailoring simulations, especially product-formula methods, to the specific observable being measured provides significant speed-ups, including size-independent errors and quadratic reductions in gate counts.

Colibactin is produced by human enterobacteria and assumed to be a gut bacterial genotoxin. Now, colibactin-645 has been identified as a macrocyclic colibactin metabolite that contains a C-terminal 5-hydroxy-4-oxazolecarboxylic acid moiety and induces DNA double-strand breaks in vitro and in human cell cultures via a unique copper-mediated oxidative mechanism.

Sesame is a valuable oilseed crop with a small diploid genome and high seed-oil content making it an attractive model for genetic studies. Here, Wei et al.sequence more than 705 sesame varieties and perform a genome-wide association study to identify genes associated with important agronomic traits.

The role of hypoxia inducible factors in infection and immune response is unclear. Here, the authors study their impact on the regulation of T cells responses during Mycobacteria tuberculosis infection using transcriptomics, flow cytometry and in vivo infection.

The mutanofactin family of lipopeptide natural products, produced by strains of cariogenic Streptococcus mutans, promotes biofilm formation via increased cell-surface hydrophobicity and binding to extracellular DNA.

Energy band alignment theory is used to understand interface charge transfer in semiconductor/semiconductor junctions but many abnormal results cannot be well explained. Here, the authors demonstrate a Faradaic junction theory with isoenergetic charge transfer at semiconductor/semiconductor interfaces to explain these abnormal results.

Whole-genome sequences of wild rice and cultivated rice varieties are used to produce a map of rice genome variation, and show that rice was probably first domesticated in southern China.

The timing of mountain building along the Tibetan Plateau remains unclear. Here, the authors present new magnetostratigraphic and mammalian biostratigraphic data from sediments to show that mountain building at the edge of the Tibetan Plateau commenced at 25.5 Ma with a separate emergence in the north at 12 Ma.

Benzofluorene-containing angucyclines, bacterial natural compounds with potential use as therapeutics/antibiotics, occur as dimers. Here, the authors elucidated the dimerization mechanism which turned out to work spontaneously, without enzymatic catalysis.

The authors profile interneuron origin and molecular diversity in the human fetal brain by single-cell RNA sequencing and in situ sequencing and reveal the logic and complexity of specification of diverse interneurons in humans.