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A variational-autoencoder-based diffusion architecture that enables topological controls on the diffusion-based protein structure generation is proposed. As a result, novel folds of mainly beta proteins can be designed with experimental validation.

Certain chiral macroions have previously been shown to self-assemble into spherical structures. Here, the authors observe self-sorting of racemic macroions into enantiomeric ‘blackberry’-shaped structures, and furthermore show that the addition of chiral co-anions allows the formation of a single enantiomer.

Water has remarkable dynamic properties; a transition from a fragile to a strong liquid has been proposed to explain how they change on cooling. Experiments now show evidence for such a transition in bulk supercooled water at around 233 K.

A domain-folding strategy is developed to assemble graphene into carbon fibres at room temperature, achieving ultrahigh strength and stiffness as well as greatly reducing energy consumption.

Ferromagnetic systems produced by the transition metal doping of semiconductors may be used as components of spintronic devices. Here, a new ferromagnet, Li_1+y(Zn_1-xMn_x)As, is prepared in bulk quantities and shown to have a critical temperature approaching 50 K.

The lack of reliable coating methods for amorphous zeolitic imidazolate framework (aZIF) materials hinders their development for applications such as photolithography and separation membranes. Supported by computational fluid dynamics modeling, the authors develop a spin-coating technique to deposit aZIF films from dilute precursors and demonstrate their wafer-scale use in advanced lithographic processes.

The authors report their observation of the fractional quantum anomalous Hall effect in rhombohedral hexalayer graphene/hBN moiré superlattice devices.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

A trans-ancestry meta-analysis of GWAS of glycemic traits in up to 281,416 individuals identifies 99 novel loci, of which one quarter was found due to the multi-ancestry approach, which also improves fine-mapping of credible variant sets.

An in situ-grown layer of SiO_xN_y contributes to passivating surface defects in inverted organic solar cells, enabling power conversion efficiency of up to 18.49% and an estimated device lifespan of over 16 years.

Traditional methods for tuning the dimensions of organic electronic device structures often rely on cumbersome processes with limited resolution. Here, the authors report ultraviolet irradiation in ambient conditions for tuning structural parameters for organic small molecule hole transport layers.

Strontium ruthenate is an odd-parity superconductor that could support Majorana fermions. Ying et al. report that the critical temperature doubles near lattice dislocations in this material compared with its bulk, arising from effects that could be found in other unconventional superconductors.

Intercalating alkali metals into picene—a hydrocarbon with five linearly fused benzene rings—results in superconducting materials. Now, alkali-metal-doped phenanthrene, which consists of three fused benzene rings, is also found to be superconducting, opening up a broader class of organic superconductors.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

Zhang et al. show that YAP binds to TDP-43 to promote TDP-43 multimerization and phase separation. YAP and TDP-43 may co-localize in multiple cell types in oxidative stress and in brain samples from individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

Covalently tethered borane–oxyanion organocatalysts enable highly efficient ring-opening copolymerization of epoxides and cyclic anhydrides via intramolecular cooperation, achieving turnover frequencies up to 13,500 h⁻¹ and high molecular weights up to 174.0 kDa. These catalysts feature air stability, broad substrate scope, thermal stability and metal-free polyester production.

It is extremely difficult to separate tritium from radioactively contaminated water. Here the authors introduce catalytic hydrogen isotope exchange to water distillation, realizing excellent detritiation performance.

The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider reports a search for charged-lepton-flavour violation in decays of Z bosons into a τ lepton and an electron or muon of opposite charge.

Photoelectrochemical etching relies on light-driven carrier migration to catalyze reactions on semiconductor surfaces. Here, the authors show that lateral photon gradients induce anomalous etching of undoped semiconductor materials.

Evidence of quantum phase transitions is normally difficult to be detected. Here, Liu and Wang et al. report divergent critical exponent in ultrathin Pb films with superconducting fluctuations and spin-orbit interaction, indicating an anomalous quantum Griffiths singularity of superconductor-metal transition.

The precise delivery of materials onto graphene is important for nano-processing but little is known about the mechanisms of such processes. Here, the authors use a range of microscopic techniques for the real-time observation of nanoparticle transfer from the inner channel of a carbon nanotube onto graphene.

Low effective doping of boron limits the performance of solar cells based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon. Liu et al. show that light induces the diffusion of hydrogen atoms, which activates boron doping, enabling a power conversion efficiency of over 25%.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports a measurement of the ratio of the decay rates of W bosons to τ leptons and muons, in agreement with universal lepton couplings as postulated in the standard model of particle physics.

Layered positive electrode materials inevitably face air exposure during manufacturing. Here, authors show that single-crystalline Ni-rich layered oxides suffer greater performance degradation upon air exposure due to the defects and strain caused by surface lattice distortion and phase transition.

The CMS Collaboration reports the study of three simultaneous hard interactions between quarks and gluons in proton–proton collisions. This manifests through the concurrent production of three J/ψ mesons, which consist of a charm-quark–antiquark pair.

Using spin-entangled baryon–antibaryon pairs, the BESIII Collaboration reports on high-precision measurements of potential charge conjugation and parity (CP)-symmetry-violating effects in hadrons.

Although technologies enable large-scale profiling of chromatin accessibility at the single-cell level, there are methodological challenges due to high dimensionality and high sparsity of data. Liu and colleagues describe a computational tool for the simultaneous determination of latent representation and clustering of cells from single-cell ATAC-seq data using a pair of generative adversarial networks.

Weyl semimetals are interesting because they are characterized by topological invariants, but specific examples discovered to date tend to have complicated band structures with many Weyl points. Here, the authors show that TaIrTe₄ has only four Weyl points, the minimal number required by time-reversal symmetry.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports the observation of the electroweak production of two jets and a Z-boson pair. This process is related to vector-boson scattering and allows the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking to be probed.

Allele-preferential transcription factor binding can influence pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma risk loci function. Here, the authors show allele-specific JunB and JunD binding at chr1p36.33 and propose a role for KLHL17 in protein homeostasis by mitigating inflammation.

Replacing animal feathers and wool with synthetic materials can ameliorate the ethical and environmental issues associated with the production of clothing designed to retain warmth. Here the authors present synthetic nanofibre textiles that combine wearability, comfort, lightness and thermal insulation.

Inducers of ferroptosis hold potential for cancer therapy. Here, the authors identify a peroxide-decorated liposome capable of inducing ferroptosis and enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents and radiotherapy.

Authors use a high-entropy engineering approach to produce fully amorphous BiTO films by exfoliation and annealing, creating crystalline regions, leading to flexible ceramics with dielectric properties.

Whether superconductivity coexists or competes with other types of order in unconventional superconductors is a question that has been hotly contested. An ARPES study reported by Yi et al. suggest that superconductivity and spin-density wave orders coexist and compete dynamically in Ba_1−xK_xFe₂As₂.

Battery cathodes tend to degrade severely during high-voltage operations. Here the authors present a cathode design with a structurally coherent architecture, ranging from ordered to disordered frameworks, that addresses this issue.

The coexistence of topological and superconducting states in a single layer of FeSe on a SrTiO₃ substrate is reported.

Modules of foldable crystalline silicon solar cells retain their power-conversion efficiency after being subjected to bending stress or exposure to air-flow simulations of a violent storm.

Experiments under upper-tropospheric conditions map the chemical formation of isoprene oxygenated organic molecules (important molecules for new particle formation) and reveal that relative radical ratios control their composition

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

Acetyl-CoA synthetases have been proposed as targets for development of new antimicrobial drugs. Here, Jezewski et al. identify isoxazole-based compounds with activity against the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans, and describe their mechanism of action as inhibitors of fungal acetyl-CoA synthetases.

The authors propose a graded ball milling strategy to improve the strength and efficiency of brittle Zintl thermoelectrics, enabling robust, high-performance modules for stable and scalable waste heat energy harvesting.

A proper theoretical description for unconventional superconductivity in iron-based compounds remains elusive. Here, the authors, to capture the electron correlation strength and the role of Fermi surfaces, report ARPES measurements of three iron chalcogenide superconductors to establish universal features.

A combination of adenovirus-vectored and subunit protein intranasal vaccine enhances immune response against SARS-CoV-2 variants in animal models and humans.

Here, the authors use a simple equation to study how genes and their regulators switch on/off over time, across the whole genome in tissues and cells. Most changes are gradual, but some genes switch quickly. Their AI model can predict temporal gene activity directly from open DNA regions, with no extra data.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Origami-based soft robotic manipulators offer compactness, cost-effectiveness, and scalability, but challenges related to stiffness, precision, and dexterity remain. To address these issues, the authors introduce the Micro-X4, a 4-degree-of-freedom origami micromanipulator that is capable of achieving three-dimensional translational motion, along with rotation around the central axis of the moving platform.

Most of the notable properties of graphene are a result of the cone-like nature of the points in its electronic structure where its conduction and valance bands meet. Similar structures arise in 2D HgTe quantum wells, but without the spin- and valley-degeneracy of graphene; their properties are also likely to be easier to control.