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A genome-wide association study in rice identifies variation in SBRR1 associated with sheath blight resistance. Introducing the SBRR1-R allele into a commercial rice variety reduces yield loss under severe exposure to sheath blight disease.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.

Enhancing corrosion resistance is crucial for efficient electrocatalysts in the acidic oxygen evolution reaction. Here, the authors report the strategic manipulation of local compressive strain to improve the anti-corrosion properties of Co3O4, demonstrating stability for over 400 hours at 30 mA cm^-2.

In this multicenter phase 1 trial, patients with advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer were safely treated with the CLDN18.2-targeting antibody–drug conjugate SHR-A1904, leading to encouraging objective response rates.

Unravelling the mechanism of the recognition of the highly pathogenic influenza A viruses by antibodies is important for understanding their protective function. Zuo et al. characterise the mechanism of recognition of the H5N1 influenza virus by human monoclonal antibodies isolated from convalescent individuals.

Unidirectional spin Hall magnetoresistance refers to an asymmetric resistance response, which allows for the readout of the magnetic state from two terminal devices. Here, Zhang et al demonstrate a large unidirectional spin hall magnetoresistance FeNi/Pt/Bi₂Se₃ trilayers and present a robust random-access magnetoresistance device.

In a reverse-translational study followed by a clinical trial, the targeting of antigen-presenting mast cells was identified as a therapeutic approach to overcome anti-PD-1 resistance in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer who experienced clinical benefit when treated with the mast cell stabilizer cromolyn.

The tissue-specific accumulation patterns of pathogenic mtDNA mutations during aging remain incompletely understood. In this study, the researchers developed three mouse models with distinct mitochondrial tRNA mutations, revealing age-dependent accumulation of these mutations in the kidneys, leading to mitochondrial kidney disease.

Understanding brain development and systems linked to behavioral change is a key goal in population neuroscience. The authors show the ventral attention network is key for brain development and cognitive ability in cross-culture longitudinal cohorts.

The efficient construction of trifluoromethylated alkanes bearing a CF₃ chiral center is of great importance in organic synthesis. Here, the authors disclose the enantioselective syntheses of α-trifluoromethylated allylic alkanes via reductive trifluoroalkylation.

A skull-stripping artificial intelligence model leveraging personalized prior knowledge from brain atlases generates consistent brain extraction across diverse age groups, scanners and protocols.

Cardiac macrophage contributes to the onset of cardiac fibrosis, but the underneath mechanisms remain unclear. Here the authors show that mouse cardiac macrophages from circulating monocytes may trans-differentiate into myofibroblast under hypertensive conditions for fibrosis development, with an AKLBH5/IL11 molecular axis modulating this macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition.

Gaussian Graphical Optimal Transport (GGOT) captures network instability to analyze disease progression, identify tipping points, and key regulatory molecules, offering insights into critical transitions across complex diseases.

Cross-ancestry and sex-stratified genome-wide association analyses for 21 amygdala volumetric traits in East Asian and European individuals provide insight into the genetic architectures of amygdala and subnucleus volumes.

Using the lifespan brain chart and two large-scale cross-cultural consortia (ABIDE and CABIC), we disentangle the heterogeneity of brain morphology in ASD into two structural impairment pathways that could disrupt sensory to association functions.

The volatilization of alkaline ions is a main factor to degrade the performances of KNN films. Here, the authors utilized the volatilization and incorporation of Mn to construct periodical Mn-inlaid antiphase boundaries in KNN matrix, leading to an improvement of ferroelectric properties.

Cross-ancestry genome-wide association studies of 3,414 brain imaging phenotypes in Chinese Han and white British participants identify autosomal and X-chromosomal associations in more diverse populations.

Min Deng, Kai Wang and colleagues report genome-wide association analyses of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the Han Chinese population. They identify two new risk loci at 1q32 and 22p11.

The correlation between asymmetric molecular geometry of non-fullerene acceptors and their optoelectronic properties was unclear. Here, the authors found asymmetric ones exhibit increased open-circuit voltage compared to their symmetric counterparts due to reduced non-radiative charge recombination.

Genome-wide association meta-analyses in populations of East Asian and European ancestries identify variant–trait associations for 44 hippocampal traits and provide insight into the genetic architectures of hippocampal and subfield volumes.

It has long been believed that diffusion as individual atoms is the primary way for carbon to enter Fe crystals from outside. Here, the authors report an unusual mass transport way in solids, through which diamond nanoparticles can enter Fe spontaneously and translate inward for a long distance.

Two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper layered metal-halide perovskites show better performance over three-dimensional versions, but are typically based on quantum wells with random width distribution. Liang et al. show that introducing molten salt spacers gives phase-pure quantum wells and improved solar cell performance.

The integration of epitaxial complex oxides on semiconductor and flexible substrates is required but challenging. Here, the authors report the highly heterogeneous epitaxy of transferrable BaTiO_3-δ membrane with enhanced flexoelectricity on Ge (011).

Observations of γ-rays with energies up to 1.4 PeV find that 12 sources in the Galaxy are PeVatrons, one of which is the Crab Nebula.

Proton doping can induce metal-insulator transitions in rare-earth nickelates, demonstrating the complex interplay between dopants and electronic degrees of freedom. Chen et al. use results on strained films to argue that local proton-induced lattice distortions strongly influence the transition.

Diarrhoea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in China. Here, the authors present results from a large sentinel surveillance scheme from 217 hospitals in all 31 provinces in mainland China, including ~150,000 patients with acute diarrhoea and covering years 2009-2018.

Using molecular markers is a useful way to predict the prognosis of cancer patients. Here, Wei et al.describe a five gene methylation signature that can predict the prognosis of renal clear cell cancer and validate its use in multiple patient cohorts.

The protective role of MAIT cells in the HFRS disease and the ER stress related mechanisms behind MAIT cell pyroptosis during HTNV infection.