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Colonoscopy is the most commonly used tool to screen for colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, the authors develop a deep learning model to perform optical diagnosis of CRC by training on a large data set of white-light colonoscopy images and achieve endoscopist-level performance on three independent datasets.

Centrioles and cilia are microtubule-based structures of defined architecture, but what regulates this architecture is not clear. Here the authors discover that centrosomal-P4.1-associated-protein (CPAP) binds the α/β-tubulin dimer and licenses it for tubulin delivery contributing to centriolar/ciliary length and architecture control.

Artificial photosynthesis of urea from NH₃ and CO₂ remains difficult to achieve. Herein, by three altering the number of heterocyclic N atoms within a series of covalent organic frameworks, the authors report an increase in urea photosynthesis yields and efficiencies.

A ternary metallic alloy VS_2xSe_2(1–x) that has a tunable work function can be grown using chemical vapour deposition and used as contacts for two-dimensional semiconductors.

A monolithically integrated near-infrared imager is achieved with the crystallization- and oxidation-modulated tin-lead perovskites.

Structural and biochemical studies of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rpd3 small complex in free and H3K36me3 nucleosome-bound states reveal multiple nucleosome-binding modes and provide insights into mechanisms underlying epigenetic regulation by histone modification.

Claudin-5 is a tight junction integral membrane protein, but it is also expressed in mature podocytes which lack tight junctions. Here the authors report that podocyte claudin-5 regulates WNT signaling activity by modulating WIF1 expression, and its downregulation contributes to kidney disease progression in mice.

Bacterial cytokinesis is driven by a multiprotein complex, the divisome, that is organized by the Z ring and responsible for septal cell wall synthesis. Here, Gong et al. show that septal cell wall synthesis facilitates Z-ring condensation, indicating that the divisome is a self-enhancing machine.

A semirigid stamp and a standard photolithography mask-aligner enable a reliable and scalable pickup and release process for van der Waals materials integration at the wafer scale.

Health-oriented emissions reduction in China focusing on the iron and steel industry can reduce costs by 1.56 billion dollars while lowering the population-weighted toxic potency-adjusted exposure risk.

Here, the authors probe the phonon changes across an atomically sharp h-¹⁰BN/h-¹¹BN isotope interface with sub-unit-cell spatial resolution and momentum resolution. The observed phonon delocalization suggests strong electron-phonon coupling at isotopic interface.

Trapping electromagnetic waves within the radiation continuum has significant implications in lasers and sensing. Here the authors achieved a moiré BIC in a photonic crystal slab, demonstrating simultaneous flat-band dispersing and high-Q features within a wide-angle regime.

Atomistic simulations reproduce experimental observations of transient frictional strengthening of graphene on an amorphous silicon substrate, an effect which diminishes as the number of graphene layers increases.

A distance-dependent two-way magnetic resonance tuning platform combined with dual-contrast enhanced subtraction imaging enables quantitative sensing and imaging in deep tissues with minimal background noise.

Heterogeneous geminal-atom catalysts, which pair single-atom sites in specific coordination and spatial proximity, offer a new avenue for the sustainable manufacture of fine chemicals.

The delta opioid receptor (δOR) is key in modulating sensation and emotion with a lower risk of drug dependence. Here, authors report cryo-EM structure of δOR and design probes to explore its signaling bias, with insights for drug discovery.

The analysis of wheat cultivars reveals that variations in histone modification, rather than DNA sequence, are closely linked to the expression of nitrogen metabolism genes and distinct agronomic traits. The findings suggest that epigenetic regulation plays a crucial role in cultivar-specific adaptation to low nitrogen conditions in wheat.

Macrophage inflammation promotes insulin resistance during diet-induced obesity. Here the authors show that macrophage NOC4L is decreased in humans and mice with obesity, that macrophage NOC4L deficiency aggravated high-fat diet induced inflammation and insulin resistance, and that NOC4L interacts with toll-like receptor 4, to inhibit endocytosis, and thus blocks TLF4/TRIF inflammatory signaling.

Authors find that freestanding single crystalline antiferroelectric PbZrO₃ membranes exhibit remarkable flexibility that can endure a maximum bending strain of 3.5%, with the assistance of mechanical-induced antiferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition.

The FarmGTEx Project aims to understand genetic control of gene activity under diverse biological and environmental contexts in domestic animals, providing a foundation for improving animal precision breeding, adaptation and human health.

Earth’s surface underwent a dramatic transition ~2.3 billion years ago when atmospheric oxygen first accumulated during the Great Oxidation Event. Here, the authors find that biogenic methane and volcanic emissions played a vital role in the reduced Late Archean atmosphere.

Introduction of any interface will inevitably lead to a decrease in carrier mobility. Here, authors employ atomic layer deposition technology to construct composite phase interfaces, decoupling the interrelated thermoelectric parameters in n-type ZrNiSn materials.

Recent findings on electrocatalysis promoted by alkali metal ions (AM⁺) have challenged the prevailing consensus that AM⁺ are chemically inert spectators. Now, theoretical and experimental evidence of an AM⁺-coupled reaction intermediate contribute to confirming the catalytic role of AM⁺ in electrochemical processes.

The structure of the mitochondrial inner membrane, or cristae, is important for functional oxidative phosphorylation and energy production. Here, the authors show that loss of myosin 19 impairs cristae structure as well as energy production, connecting motor activity to membrane potential.

Deubiquitinases have been shown to be involved in double strand break repair pathways. Here the authors reveal that USP15 deybiquitinase plays a role in homologues recombination repair by targeting BARD1 and affecting cells response to PARP inhibitors.

Postmortem analyses provide useful information for COVID-19 etiology. Here the authors profile 22 deceased severe COVID-19 patients with transcriptomic and histological approaches to find correlations between the presence of viral antigens with lymphocyte suppression yet myeloid activation, hinting distinct functions of these cells during pathogenesis.

Active sites identification in metal-free carbon materials is crucial for developing practical electrocatalysts. Here the authors report a dynamic active site evolution phenomenon on oxygen modified defective graphene during electrochemical H2O2 production.

The role of common fragile site associated genes such as FATS in the immune system is unclear. Here the authors show that deletion of Fats in a mouse tumour model leads to reduced tumour growth and change of macrophage phenotype from an M2-like to M1-like function.

A simple but flexible technique based on a capillary-force-driven rolling-up process produces high-order van der Waals superlattices that are hard to produce with existing fabrication techniques.

The authors present on-chip and electromechanically reconfigurable nanokirigami with optical functionalities. 3D deformations are achieved via attractive electrostatic forces between a gold nanostructure layer and silicon substrate, resulting in optical reconfigurations with high modulation contrast and small unit size.

Xiangdong Fu and colleagues show that variation in GW7 influences rice grain shape and yield. They further show that GW7 expression is directly regulated by OsSPL16, a transcription factor encoded by the grain-width locus GW8.

Ji and colleagues show that the specific angiosperm growth-governing DELLA–SLY1/GID2 protein interaction evolved from a broader ancestral affinity, suggesting affinity narrowing to be a general evolutionary driver of interaction specificity.

A nanocrystalline metallic alloy with ultrahigh tensile strength and good ductility is achieved by introducing compositional undulation in a highly concentrated solid solution.

An endoepitaxy approach enables the realization of two-dimensional mosaic heterostructures with atomically sharp heterojunction interfaces.

Vanadium diselenide van der Waals contacts made with a controlled crack formation process can be used to fabricate tungsten diselenide transistors with channel lengths of less than 100 nm, on-state current densities of up to 1.7 mA μm^–1 and on-state resistances down to 0.50 kΩ μm.

Polarization microscopy has been combined with single-molecule localization, but it’s often limited in either speed or resolution. Here the authors present polarized Structured Illumination Microscopy (pSIM), a method that uses polarized laser excitation to measure dye orientation during fast super-resolution live cell imaging.

The balance of DELLA and GRF4 proteins in plants ensures the co-regulation of growth with metabolism and tipping this balance towards GRF4 leads to higher efficiency of nitrogen use.

The σ-type cyclopropenium cations (CPCs) are unstable species and currently underdeveloped. Now, an iodine(III)-based cyclopropenyl transfer reagent has been developed, which can generate electrophilic cyclopropenyl-gold(III) species as equivalents of σ-type CPCs. The synthetic potential has been demonstrated by the transfer of σ-type CPCs to terminal alkynes and vinylboronic acids.

Kuang, Dou et al. show that upon Salmonella Typhimurium infection in mice, macrophages release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that harbor iron-uptake receptors. By sequestering iron via a humoral mechanism, these EVs limit bacterial growth and thereby protect against infection.

Graphene plasmons hold potential for infrared optoelectronic devices, but the interaction with the substrate often degrades their quality. Here, the authors report the characterization of plasmons in suspended graphene with tunable suspension height, showing enhanced quality factors and propagation lengths at room temperature.

Deubiquitinases (DUBs) targeting Met1-linked ubiquitin chains have important functions in mammals but are barely studied in plants. Here, the authors identify rice OTUB1 as a Met1-targeting DUB, characterize the structural determinants of this activity, and show that these features are conserved in green plants.

Size and charge can significantly affect delivery of therapeutic agents to tumours. Here, the authors report on nanoparticles optimised for delivery to the tumour which release smaller particles and change charge in the tumour microenvironment to optimise tumour penetration and cellular uptake.

Drought-induced forest dieback has emerged as a global concern and is expected to increase worldwide under projected future climate change. A study using long-term forest plots now provides a quantitative estimate of drought-induced increase in tree mortality across Canada's boreal forests—one of the most important terrestrial carbon sinks.