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Unnatural α- and γ-amino acids display a diverse range of biological activities and serve as crucial intermediates in pharmaceutical production. Here, the authors report a four-component reaction to facilitate the switchable synthesis of α- and γ-amino acids from a shared extended p-quinone methide through a tailored amination strategy.

Berry curvature, which features in the imaginary part of the quantum geometry, is now well known for driving non-linear responses in Weyl semimetals. Here, Yu et al. show how the real component of the quantum geometry, the quantum metric, leads to a room temperature third order non-linear hall effect in Fe₅GeTe₂.

A self-floating photocatalytic film enables rapid bacterial inactivation under weak natural sunlight.

Here the authors report a retrospective analysis showing lower risk of composite outcomes of all-cause hospitalization, all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events, major adverse kidney events and major adverse liver outcomes for patients with MASLD treated with combination therapy with GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors versus SGLT2 inhibitor monotherapy. However, a sensitivity analyses suggests that these effects may be driven by the GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment.

Here, Li et al. develop a human liver organoid model to elucidate Dengue virus infection dynamics and identify oxyresveratrol as a potential antiviral candidate, highlighting the NRF2 pathway’s crucial role in mitigating mitochondrial damage and enhancing cellular resistance.

Axially chiral sulfoxides have attracted considerable attention due to their broad application potential. Now, a catalytic asymmetric approach to the one-step construction of these compounds is reported, enabled by a sulfinylation process. This method is applied to a wide variety of substrates and results in products with broad functionality.

The efficiency of a quantum computer depends on which basic operations it can implement. Now a scheme that can implement any two-qubit logic gate has been demonstrated on a superconducting architecture.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

Fan et al. describe DF-003, an alpha-kinase 1 (ALPK1) inhibitor that targets the root cause of the rare genetic disease ROSAH syndrome, demonstrating the ability of DF-003 to inhibit ocular inflammatory pathology in ROSAH model mice.

Through binding mitochondrial ATP synthase, engineered nanomedicines rejuvenate aged bone stem cells and restore osteogenesis, reversing osteoporosis in mice and offering a potential senolytic therapy for skeletal ageing.

Uterine fluid supports early embryo development. This study reveals maternal high-fat diet alters tsRNA/rsRNA profiles in uterine fluid, leading to abnormal embryonic metabolism and offspring disorders, demonstrating a novel mode of RNA-mediated communication.

The use of biomarkers of ageing is crucial for investigating age-related processes. This Review discusses biomarkers of ageing and of ageing-associated physiological changes, at the cellular, tissue and organism levels in humans and non-human primates.

The commercialization of organic solar cells has been hindered by the limited device stability. Here, authors show that the connectivity of electron transport network is a key factor determining electron transport and device stability, with polymeric acceptors likely to establish such a network.

Peptide ionizable lipids containing specific amino acids and functional groups render lipid nanoparticles with the tissue-specific delivery of mRNA and prime editing systems, which can be useful for advanced mRNA-based therapeutics.

Timely identification and treatment of cerebral lesions in high-risk neonates are crucial. Here, the authors present a deep learning system that extracts multiple standard views from neonatal cranial ultrasound videos and diagnoses severe cerebral lesions with high accuracy, outperforming junior radiologists.

Achieving enantioselective C(sp³)–C(sp³) bond formation using a silyl group as an auxiliary is challenging. Now a cobalt-catalysed enantioselective hydroalkylation of vinyl- and allylsilanes to construct α- or β-stereogenic organosilanes has been developed to efficiently generate the chiral carbon centres.

An analysis of 18 metagenomic datasets of individuals with colorectal cancer, adenomas and healthy controls yields improved cancer prediction accuracy based solely on gut metagenomics, as well as the identification of new species associated with the development of cancer.

AI copilots are integrated into brain–computer interfaces, enabling a paralysed participant to achieve improved control of computer cursors and robotic arms. This shared autonomy approach offers a promising path to increase BCI performance and clinical viability.

Artificial intelligence-based detection of gastric cancer at different stages from noncontrast computed tomography is suggested to be feasible in a retrospective analysis of large and diverse cohorts, including real-world populations in opportunistic and targeted screening scenarios.

Generalizable Pathology Foundation Model (GPFM) consolidates expertise from a variety of existing models for use in a broad spectrum of computational pathology tasks.

Quantum information cannot be copied, posing challenges for long-distance communication due to signal losses. Here the quantum relay architecture using a single-photon source enhances the signal-to-noise ratio of quantum information transmission.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common cause of female infertility linked to metabolic and hormonal imbalances. Here, the authors show that androgen driven SLC1A5 upregulation increases glutamine uptake, leading to abnormal follicular development in PCOS via histone deacetylation.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown some activity in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), a rare aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options. Here the authors report the results of a phase 2 trial of camrelizumab (anti-PD1) plus apatinib (VEGFR inhibitor) for previously treated ACC.

COPD patients are more likely to also have diabetes. Here the authors show that the use of SGLT2 inhibitors was associated with reduced all-cause mortality, hospitalization, acute exacerbations, and pneumonia in patients with COPD and diabetes.

There is a need for improved RSV vaccines to protect populations at risk. Here, the authors developed a proline-scanning strategy to create a highly stable RSV vaccine candidate that achieves enhanced production yields and provides robust protection against both RSV A and B strains in murine animal models.

cpDistiller is a deep learning framework that corrects complex technical effects in Cell Painting data, enhancing gene function analysis with or without scRNA-seq integration, and demonstrating potential for drug discovery.

Desmocollin 2 (DSC2) binds to the EBV glycoprotein H/glycoprotein L complex and allows for virus entry to epithelial cells, which could be blocked by DSC2-specific antibodies. DSC2 allowed for virus entry independent of Ephrin receptor A2.

In this multicenter phase 1 trial, patients with advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer were safely treated with the CLDN18.2-targeting antibody–drug conjugate SHR-A1904, leading to encouraging objective response rates.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

A genus-level super-pangenome of Avena comprising 35 high-quality genomes from 23 cultivated or wild oat species highlights the evolution of Avena and the landscape of structural variations related to abiotic stress resistance.

The development of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies is crucial in the fight against viral infections. Here, using combinatorial library technology, the authors identify 3D1, a monoclonal antibody with potential pan-inhibitory activity against a range of viral families, and provide structural analysis to reveal the basis of the broad cross-reactivity.

Cotton yarns encapsulated by a gel layer show dynamic swelling in methanol, creating interfacial self-reinforcement and pressure modulation mechanisms that enable the fabrication of fibre-shaped methanol fuel cells.

Target identification of natural products plays a critical role in the development of innovative drugs. Here, this group integrates molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations on Bufalin and reports the potential targets as well as its role in reversing endocrine resistance.

Preserving anal function in advanced-stage colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment remains challenging. Here this group reports a hydrospongel consists of cellulose nanofibers crosslinked with Fe₃O₄@PDA nanoparticles which enables delivery of 5-FU to the tumor site thereby achieving CRC chemotherapy.

Spin-1/2 Heisenberg chains are fabricated through on-surface synthesis and reduction. As the chain length increases, the spin excitation gaps decrease, suggesting a gapless state in the thermodynamic limit. Spinon dispersion observed in the spin chains highlights the potential of this approach for realizing custom quantum spin systems.

The decarbonization of energy systems requires access to minerals that are critical for manufacturing low-carbon technologies. Here researchers show that meeting climate targets could be impeded by material shortages, revealing the importance of diverse solutions that balance mitigation, equity and resource constraints.