Correlated Event-by-Event Fluctuations of Flow Harmonics in Pb-Pb Collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV

Journal:
Physical Review Letters
Published:
DOI:
10.1103/physrevlett.117.182301
Affiliations:
149
Authors:
998
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Research Highlight

Single-origin soup

© James Oursler/EyeEm/Getty images

© James Oursler/EyeEm/Getty images

Simulating the collisions between charged particles, scientists have recreated the conditions at the start of the universe, providing new insights into its origins and the nature of matter, according to a study published in Physical Review Letters.

By colliding atoms in CERN’s Large Hadron Collider, scientists achieved temperatures of trillions of degrees Celsius, melting protons and neutrons to form a superhot “soup” — known as a quark-gluon plasma — containing the basic ingredients of matter that existed at the beginning of the universe.

The secrets of this soup have remained a mystery, until an international team of physicists, including researchers from the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, used supercomputer simulations to provide new insights into its structure.

The simulations confirm that the plasma behaves like a fluid, which has a swirling, whirlpool-like structure, paving the way for further research into the origins of the universe and the nature of matter.

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References

  1. Phys. Rev. Lett. 117,182301 (2016). doi: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.182301
Institutions Authors Share
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Switzerland
61.000000
61.000000
61.000000
61.000000
61.000000
61.000000
61.000000
 0.06
INFN Section in Torino, Italy
31.833333
31.833333
31.833333
31.833333
 0.03
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU), Germany
27.833333
27.833333
27.833333
 0.03
Heidelberg University (Uni Heidelberg), Germany
23.666667
23.666667
23.666667
 0.02
Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC), India
22.500000
22.500000
22.500000
 0.02
Utrecht University (UU), Netherlands
21.000000
21.000000
21.000000
 0.02
Central China Normal University (CCNU), China
16.500000
16.500000
 0.02
SUBATECH, France
15.000000
15.000000
 0.02
INFN Section in Padova, Italy
14.500000
14.500000
 0.01
University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
14.500000
14.500000
 0.01
Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research GmbH (GSI), Germany
14.500000
14.500000
 0.01
ExtreMe Matter Institute (EMMI), Germany
14.500000
14.500000
 0.01
Institute for Nuclear Research (INR), RAS, Russia
14.000000
14.000000
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University of Bergen (UIB), Norway
13.500000
13.500000
 0.01
Yale University, United States of America (USA)
13.333333
13.333333
 0.01
University of Oslo (UiO), Norway
13.000000
13.000000
 0.01
National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico
12.500000
12.500000
 0.01
HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungary
12.333333
12.333333
 0.01
University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Denmark
12.333333
12.333333
 0.01
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT Bombay), India
12.000000
12.000000
 0.01
National Research Center Kurchatov Institute (NRCKI), Russia
12.000000
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University of Jammu, India
12.000000
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Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), France
12.000000
12.000000
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Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Mexico
12.000000
12.000000
 0.01
The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics (IFJ PAN), PAS, Poland
10.500000
10.500000
 0.01
University of Tsukuba, Japan
10.500000
10.500000
 0.01
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), United States of America (USA)
10.500000
10.500000
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Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Czech Republic
10.000000
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University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (UK)
10.000000
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Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), Germany
10.000000
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University of Münster (WWU), Germany
10.000000
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Wayne State University, United States of America (USA)
10.000000
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Russian Federal Nuclear Center - All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics (RFNC-VNIIEF), Russia
10.000000
10.000000
 0.01
Warsaw University of Technology (WUT), Poland
10.000000
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 0.01
INFN Section in Bologna, Italy
9.500000
 0.01
University of Houston (UH), United States of America (USA)
9.500000
 0.01
INFN Frascati National Laboratory (LNF), Italy
9.500000
 0.01
INFN Section in Bari, Italy
9.333333
 0.01
Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI), NRCKI, Russia
9.000000
 0.01
Institute of Space Science (ISS), Romania
9.000000
 0.01
National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Russia
8.500000
 0.01
Nuclear Physics Institute (UJF), CAS, Czech Republic
8.000000
 0.01
Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU), Russia
8.000000
 0.01
Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN HH), Romania
8.000000
 0.01
Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), France
8.000000
 0.01
University of Jyväskylä, Finland
8.000000
 0.01
A. A. Logunov Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), NRCKI, Russia
8.000000
 0.01
The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Japan
8.000000
 0.01
Yonsei University, South Korea
8.000000
 0.01
A.I. Alikhanov Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), NRCKI, Russia
7.500000
 0.01
Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, NASU, Ukraine
7.500000
 0.01
CEA Institute of Research into the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), France
7.500000
 0.01
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Russia
7.500000
 0.01
The University of Tennessee at Knoxville (UTK), United States of America (USA)
7.500000
 0.01
INFN Section in Trieste, Italy
7.000000
 0.01
COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Pakistan
7.000000
 0.01
Lund University (LU), Sweden
7.000000
 0.01
National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Poland
7.000000
 0.01
Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IIT Indore), India
6.500000
 0.01
Institute of Experimental Physics, SAS, Slovakia
6.500000
 0.01
NRF iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences (IThemba Labs), South Africa
6.250000
 0.01
Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), India
6.000000
 0.01
Pusan National University (PNU), South Korea
6.000000
 0.01
INFN Section in Cagliari, Italy
6.000000
 0.01
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics (SINP), India
6.000000
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Institute of Nuclear Physics of Lyon (IPNL), France
6.000000
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Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), France
6.000000
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INFN Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Italy
6.000000
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Comenius University in Bratislava (UK), Slovakia
6.000000
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Bose Institute, India
5.500000
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Technical University of Košice (TUKE), Slovakia
5.500000
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National Institute for Subatomic Physics (Nikhef), Netherlands
5.500000
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Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT), Spain
5.500000
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Panjab University (PU), India
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Autonomous University of Sinaloa (UAS), Mexico
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TUM Cluster of Excellence - Origin and Structure of the Universe (Excellence Cluster Universe), Germany
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Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany
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Goethe University Frankfurt (GU), Germany
5.000000
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Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Finland
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The Ohio State University (OSU), United States of America (USA)
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Institute of Nuclear Physics of Orsay (IPNO), France
5.000000
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University of Zagreb, Croatia
5.000000
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Hiroshima University (HU), Japan
5.000000
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University of Padova (UNIPD), Italy
4.833333
 0.00
University of Bologna (UNIBO), Italy
4.666667
 0.00
National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), India
4.500000
 0.00
The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), United States of America (USA)
4.500000
 0.00
State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
4.000000
 0.00
INFN Section in Catania, Italy
4.000000
 0.00
Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice (UPJŠ), Slovakia
4.000000
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Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV), Mexico
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 0.00
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (UOA), Greece
4.000000
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University of Tübingen (Uni Tübingen), Germany
4.000000
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Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica "Michelangelo Merlin", Italy
3.833333
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Bergen University College (HiB), Norway
3.500000
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Inha University, South Korea
3.500000
 0.00
Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, India
3.000000
 0.00
Gauhati University, India
3.000000
 0.00
University of Liverpool, United Kingdom (UK)
3.000000
 0.00
Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (PUCP), Peru
3.000000
 0.00
University of Trieste (UNITS), Italy
3.000000
 0.00
University of Cagliari (UNICA), Italy
3.000000
 0.00
University of Cape Town (UCT), South Africa
3.000000
 0.00
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), United States of America (USA)
3.000000
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INFN Gruppo Collegato di Alessandria, Italy
3.000000
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University of Split, Croatia
3.000000
 0.00
Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physics (SMI), ÖAW, Austria
3.000000
 0.00
Enrico Fermi Research Center (CREF), Italy
2.666667
 0.00
Creighton University, United States of America (USA)
2.500000
 0.00
Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Cuba
2.333333
 0.00
Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), South Korea
2.000000
 0.00
Konkuk University, South Korea
2.000000
 0.00
University of Catania, Italy
2.000000
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Chicago State University (CSU), United States of America (USA)
2.000000
 0.00
A. Alikhanyan National Laboratory (AANL) / Yerevan Physics Institute (YerPhi), Armenia
2.000000
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Sejong University, South Korea
2.000000
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KTO Karatay University, Turkey
2.000000
 0.00
Gangneung-Wonju National University (GWNU), South Korea
2.000000
 0.00
Suranaree University of Technology (SUT), Thailand
2.000000
 0.00
Buskerud and Vestfold University College (HBV), Norway
2.000000
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Institute of Physics (FZU), CAS, Czech Republic
2.000000
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University of Rajasthan, India
2.000000
 0.00
INFN Section in Roma, Italy
1.500000
 0.00
STFC Daresbury Laboratory, United Kingdom (UK)
1.500000
 0.00
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (Wits University), South Africa
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Rudjer Boskovic Institute (RBI), Croatia
1.000000
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Purdue University, United States of America (USA)
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University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Spain
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University of Applied Sciences Worms, Germany
1.000000
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California Polytechnic State University (Cal Poly), United States of America (USA)
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China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), China
1.000000
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University of Bonn (Uni Bonn), Germany
1.000000
 0.00
University of Brescia (UNIBS), Italy
1.000000
 0.00
G.I. Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (INP), SB RAS, Russia
1.000000
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INFN Legnaro National Laboratory (LNL), Italy
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Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Indonesia
1.000000
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National Institute of Nuclear Physics and Particle Physics (IN2P3), CNRS, France
1.000000
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Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
0.500000
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Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Japan
0.500000
 0.00
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