Eosinophilic Inflammation in Asthma Management
Summary
Eosinophilic inflammation represents a key driver in a distinct subtype of asthma characterised by elevated levels of eosinophils, a specialised white blood cell mediating type 2 immune responses. In this phenotype, airway tissues and peripheral blood exhibit persistent eosinophil infiltration, which contributes to mucus hypersecretion, airway remodelling and heightened risk of exacerbations. Measurement of blood eosinophil counts and sputum eosinophil percentages serves as a pragmatic biomarker strategy to phenotype patients, guide inhaled corticosteroid dosing and determine eligibility for targeted biologic therapies directed against interleukin 5 or its receptor. Longitudinal assessment of eosinophil levels has revealed that both persistently high and intermittently elevated counts correlate with poorer lung function and increased hospital admissions. Advances in proteomic profiling and non-invasive sampling are refining our understanding of the molecular circuits sustaining eosinophilic inflammation, while insights into metabolic and environmental modifiers are uncovering new opportunities for precision interventions. As global asthma prevalence rises, integrating eosinophil‐centred diagnostics and therapies promises to optimise patient outcomes and reduce healthcare burden.
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Eosinophilic Inflammation in Asthma Management publication trend
The graph below shows the total number of articles in eosinophilic inflammation in asthma management across all publications each year (not limited to Nature Index journals).
Technical terms
Eosinophil: A type of granulocyte white blood cell that orchestrates type 2 inflammatory responses in asthma.
Blood eosinophil count (BEC): The quantification of eosinophils in peripheral blood, used as a biomarker of airway inflammation.
Phenotype: A subgroup of asthma defined by distinct clinical or inflammatory characteristics, such as eosinophilic inflammation.
Proteomic profiling: Comprehensive analysis of protein expression patterns in biological samples to discover disease-related biomarkers.
Comorbidity: The presence of an additional medical condition alongside a primary disease, influencing management and prognosis.
References
- Proteomic signatures of eosinophilic and neutrophilic asthma from serum and sputum. EBioMedicine (2023).
- Clinical Implications of Longitudinal Blood Eosinophil Counts in Patients With Severe Asthma. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology In Practice (2023).
- Moderate-High Blood Eosinophilia Is Associated with Increased Hospitalization and Other Asthma Comorbidities. Biomolecules (2024).
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