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In this Review, Altier and colleagues describe the mechanisms of chronic abdominal pain in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In addition, they discuss implications for IBD treatment and identify directions for future research.
Individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus infection are experiencing an increase in liver disease burden. This Review summarizes current knowledge on the burden of liver diseases in this population and provides insights into clinical management and future directions.
In this Review, Luedde and colleagues describe the complex role of regulated necrosis pathways, including necroptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis, in liver disease and cancer development. Potential therapeutic approaches modulating regulated cell death pathways in liver disease are explored.
This Review examines how advances in tumour biology, immunogenomics and graft preservation are redefining surgical management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Malik et al. describe the shift from anatomical to biology-informed paradigms to individualize surgical decision-making.
The liver is a key metabolic organ that influences metabolic homeostasis by communicating with the central nervous system. This Review discusses the role of gut–liver–brain communication in chronic liver disease, highlighting underlying mechanisms and signalling pathways.
In this Review, the authors discuss the role of the main IL-1 family members in gastrointestinal and liver diseases, focusing on preclinical and clinical research. Opportunities for therapeutic interventions are also outlined.
The gut virome is a complex ecosystem and has a critical role in human health. This Review outlines gut virome composition and functional relevance, and its role in human health and disease. Methodological challenges in advancing our knowledge of the gut virome are also discussed.
This Review explores the different types of sensory nerves involved in gut–brain communication, detailing the locations of these nerve endings in the gut and their mechanisms of activation. Insights and new information regarding spinal and vagal afferents alongside viscerofugal neurons are detailed.
In this Review, Deraison and Vergnolle describe the role of extracellular proteases and protease inhibitors in gastrointestinal physiology and in diseases including inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome and colorectal cancer. They also explore emerging therapeutic options for restoring proteolytic balance.
Advances in organoid culture have enabled the modelling of many aspects of organs in vitro, transforming experimental biology. This Review provides a comprehensive overview of the current and emerging liver and pancreas organoid technologies and discusses current limitations and future directions.
WNT–β-catenin activation is common in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this Review, the authors summarize our understanding of the role of WNT–β-catenin activation in HCC — based on results from in vitro and in vivo models — and implications for precision treatment of HCC via targeting β-catenin.
Portal hypertension and systemic inflammation are key factors driving decompensation and organ failure in cirrhosis. This Review examines those two factors and, based on their mechanistic interaction, proposes a new concept of the clinical phenotypes in decompensated cirrhosis.
Metabolic and alcohol-related liver disease presents challenges in clinical trials due to complex pathophysiology. This Review discusses noninvasive imaging, serum biomarkers and adaptive designs as modalities to enhance patient-centric end points, aiming to refine diagnostics and improve drug development.
This Review provides a comprehensive overview of the role of tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells in hepatic immune responses, explores their dual function in liver immunoprotection and immunopathology, and discusses their therapeutic potential.
The gut microbiome has been associated with pancreatic cancer. This Review summarizes the latest findings of microbiota association studies of tumours of the pancreas and outlines the mechanisms as to how the microbiome influences pancreatic cancer and the clinical potential of harnessing the microbiome in pancreatic cancer.
This Review focuses on epithelial–mesenchymal crosstalk and how these interactions shape development, health and disease in the intestinal mucosa. The dynamic nature of this ecosystem is highlighted, offering insights into cell fate, cellular reprogramming after tissue damage and the pathways co-opted in neoplasia.
In this Review, Pasricha and Kulkarni describe the role of dopaminergic signalling pathways in the central nervous system and periphery, and their role in gastrointestinal health and disease. In addition, they discuss emerging evidence and future directions.
In this Review, Marques and colleagues discuss the evidence regarding the effects of parental diet on the health of offspring, with a focus on how changes to the gut microbiome alter epigenomic responses in the offspring.
Older adults can be affected by multiple chronic medical conditions, including liver disease. This Review provides a comprehensive overview of age-related pathophysiological changes in the liver and discusses interventions and treatment options for older patients.
In the USA, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of death and a public health challenge due to persisting disparities between Black and White individuals. This Review examines Black–White disparities in CRC outcomes, bringing health-care and systemic inequities into focus.
