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The relationship between physical activity and mortality has not clearly emerged from lifestyle intervention trials. In this post hoc trial analysis, the authors show that a three-year physical activity-based counseling intervention in people with type 2 diabetes was associated with a ~ 50% reduction in long-term mortality.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Graphene possesses a nonlinear optical response arising from its electronic dispersion. Here, the authors measure the response of graphene to an ultrafast optical field and provide an explanation of the quantum dynamics of Dirac carriers mediating the material’s nonlinear response.

West Nile virus is an animal pathogen that has spread rapidly in Europe in recent years, causing several human deaths. This study investigates the spatial and temporal dynamics of the virus circulation between Africa (its place of origin) and Europe.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

Repeat expansion disorders are found in all major global populations, and their frequency is up to three times higher than typically quoted, suggesting underdiagnosis or incomplete penetrance.

High-harmonic generation is a nonlinear optical phenomenon that may be harnessed towards realisation of ultrafast light sources. Here, the authors theoretically show that localized plasmons in graphene nanodisks result in broadband and electrically tunable high-harmonic generation.

The first experimental demonstration of extreme ultraviolet (XUV) plasmon-enhanced self-driven spectral modification using a submicrometric foil of aluminium. These findings mark a breakthrough in enhancing XUV nonlinearities.

Researchers created a periodically poled van der Waals semiconductor (3R-MoS₂) and achieved a macroscopic frequency conversion efficiency of 0.03% over a thickness of 3.4 μm. The quasi-phase-matched second harmonic signal surpasses the usual quadratic enhancement by 50% and broadband generation of photon pairs at telecom wavelength is demonstrated with a coincidence-to-accidental ratio of 638 ± 75.

An integrated analysis of de novo and inherited coding variants in 42,607 individuals with autism spectrum disorder identifies 60 risk genes of which five have not previously been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.

The heterogenous nature of rheumatoid arthritis renders the prediction of responsiveness to biological treatments difficult. Here the authors analyze bulk RNA-seq data from the STRAP trial (n = 208) to build a machine-learning model for predicting responses to etanercept, tocilizumab and rituximab with AUCs around 0.75 to potentially assist in therapy planning.

A possible kilonova associated with a nearby, long-duration gamma-ray burst suggests that gamma-ray bursts with long and complex light curves can be spawned from the merger of two compact objects, contrary to the established gamma-ray burst paradigm.

The most up-to-date combination of results on the properties of the Higgs boson is reported, which indicate that its properties are consistent with the standard model predictions, within the precision achieved to date.

The CMS Collaboration reports evidence for off-shell Higgs boson contributions in the production of Z boson pairs, and measures the width of the Higgs boson, which is inversely related to its lifetime.

Identifying KRAS-specific vulnerabilities helps to target KRAS-driven cancer. Here the authors perform RNA interference screens in 3D cultures of primary tumour cells with KRAS activation and p53 loss and identify UHRF1 as a vulnerability of KRAS-mutant lung cancers

The electron–vibration coupling is essential to describe the photoelectron properties of molecules. Here, the authors show theoretically and experimentally that the electron–vibration coupling is very large in diamonoids, and link the deduced vibronic states to the well-known Jahn–Teller effect.

In FeRh, it is possible to optically drive a phase transition between ferromagnetic (FM) and anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) ordering. Here, using a combination of photoelectron spectroscopy and ab-initio calculations, the authors demonstrate the existence of a transient intermediate phase, explaining the delayed appearance of the FM phase.

Francesco Cucca, Serena Sanna, David Schlessinger, Gonçalo Abecasis and colleagues report genome-wide association analysis results for the levels of A1, A2 and fetal hemoglobin in a large Sardinian cohort. By integrating high-density array genotyping and whole-genome sequencing, they detect 23 associations at 10 loci and observe a wide range of pleiotropic effects of variants across the 3 hemoglobin types.

The CMS Collaboration reports the study of three simultaneous hard interactions between quarks and gluons in proton–proton collisions. This manifests through the concurrent production of three J/ψ mesons, which consist of a charm-quark–antiquark pair.

For many neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) risk genes, the significance for mutational burden is unestablished. Here, the authors sequence 125 candidate NDD genes in over 16,000 NDD cases; case-control mutational burden analysis identifies 48 genes with a significant burden of severe ultra-rare mutations.

A retinal prosthesis fabricated from an organic photovoltaic polymer can restore degenerative blindness in vivo, and over long implantation periods.

Identifying the mutational landscape of tumours from cell-free DNA in the blood could help diagnostics in cancer. Here, the authors present ichorCNA, software that quantifies tumour content in cell free DNA, and they demonstrate that cell-free DNA whole-exome sequencing is concordant with metastatic tumour whole-exome sequencing.

Single-pass optical parametric amplification is demonstrated following propagation though an atomically thin semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenide. The demonstration may lead to atom-sized tunable light sources.

Graphene is a low dimensional material with a high surface area and so it is expected to be useful for ultra-sensitive sensors with a range of different applications. Here, the authors use graphene nanorings to detect the rotation of hydrogen molecules in the terahertz region.