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Here, the authors analyze longitudinal stool microbiome and illness data from Gambian children enroled in a randomised, double-blind iron supplementation trial, showing that those who remained infection-free exhibit higher abundance of Prevotella stercorea, while Escherichia coli and other opportunistic pathogens are enriched in those who developed infection.

In schistosomiasis-endemic regions, the cyclical nature of infection and treatment complicates understanding of host immune responses. Repeated controlled human Schistosoma mansoni infection, designed to reflect the reinfection cycles common in endemic areas, shows that repeated exposure induces mixed worm-specific CD4⁺ T cell responses similar to those seen in endemic infection.

De novo design of Ca²⁺ channels with ion selectivity that can assemble appropriately and mediate Ca²⁺ conductance when expressed in cells is described.

Ganguli et al. show that CDKN2A loss in Barrett’s esophagus prevents esophageal adenocarcinoma initiation by counterselecting subsequent TP53 loss and report context-dependent effects of 9p21 gene co-deletions on disease progression.

Using multiple visualization and profiling methods, Gigi et al. characterize the microbiome diversity of 322 brain tumors including brain metastases and glioblastomas.

A scattering medium such as biological tissue distorts the propagation of light pulses in both space and time, making tasks such as focusing and imaging problematic. Fortunately, careful manipulation of the light field's spatial phase prior to entering the medium can help mitigate such distortions and open new prospects for nonlinear microscopy.

The authors find that TDP-43 loss of function—the pathology defining the neurodegenerative conditions ALS and FTD—induces novel mRNA polyadenylation events, which have different effects, including an increase in RNA stability, leading to higher protein levels.

Reduced glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease. Here, Pattaro et al. conduct a meta-analysis to discover several new loci associated with variation in eGFR and find that genes associated with eGFR loci often encode proteins potentially related to kidney development.

This study analysed genetic data of soil-transmitted helminths from 27 countries, revealing diversity impacting molecular test accuracy and highlighting the need to adapt diagnostics for effective STH surveillance.

In this study, the authors assess the global response to the toxic aldehyde glyoxal (GO) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, suggesting that GO controls quorum sensing during infection through a mechanism involving a novel protein, ArqI.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Large genome-wide meta-analysis of clinically diagnosed late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) from 94,437 individuals identifies new LOAD risk loci and implicates Aβ formation, tau protein binding, immune response and lipid metabolism.

By harvesting aquatic vegetation that provides habitat for snails that harbour Schistosoma parasites and converting it to compost and animal feed, a trial reduced schistosomiasis prevalence in children while providing wider economic benefits.

Here, the authors characterize the tempo and mode of lemur speciation with a phylogenomic dataset that also includes lorisiforms. They find that lemurs exhibited multiple bursts of diversification (without subsequent decline in diversification rate) with the highest diversification rates accompanied by high introgression rates.

Flycatcher1 (FLYC1) is a candidate mechanosensitive channel involved in Venus flytrap touch-induced prey capture. Here, the authors report structural and functional details of FLYC1, with insights into gating conformational transitions.

Vibrio cholerae require flagella and mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin pili to attach to surfaces and form biofilms. Here Utada et al.find that flagella and pili act synergistically to mechanically scan a surface before irreversibly attaching via the pili.

Genome-wide analyses identify common variants associated with 11 distinct neuropathology endophenotypes, providing insights into the mechanisms underlying the genetic risk of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias.

The capacity of the brain to compensate for insults during development depends on the type of cell loss. Here authors reveal that embryonic ablation of cerebellar output neurons leads to powerful compensation by extra-cerebellar circuits, whereas mutations (En1/2) disrupt extra-cerebellar circuits regulating non-motor behaviors.

Most studies of the genetics of the metabolome have been done in individuals of European descent. Here, the authors integrate genomics and metabolomics in Black individuals, highlighting the value of whole genome sequencing in diverse populations and linking circulating metabolites to human disease.

Geographic location can be a key determinant of human health outcomes. Here, the authors show that in large-scale trials, randomization that is pair matched by geography can lead to substantial improvements in statistical efficiency and enable insights into spatially varying intervention effects.

The extent to which COVID-19 vaccination protects against long COVID is not well understood. Here, the authors use electronic health record data from the United States and find that, for people who received their vaccination prior to infection, vaccination was associated with lower incidence of long COVID.

A diverse, multidisciplinary panel of 386 experts in COVID-19 response from 112 countries provides health and social policy actions to address inadequacies in the pandemic response and help to bring this public health threat to an end.

Schistosomiasis, a parasitic helminth infection, causes pulmonary symptoms during acute and chronic infection. Here, Houlder et al characterise the pulmonary immune response and demonstrate the role type 2 dendritic cells play in lung inflammation.

Trimeric intracellular cation channels (TRICs) elicit K⁺ currents to counteract luminal negative potential during Ca²⁺release from intracellular stores. Here the authors present structures of prokaryotic TRICs in their open and closed states, obtaining molecular insight into TRICs’ function.

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias identifies new loci and enables generation of a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.

Generation of entanglement in quantum computers stems from the native interactions between qubits, which are usually restricted to the pairwise limit. A method to control three- and four-body interactions has now been demonstrated with trapped ions.

It is critical to understand what drives the progression of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) from a pre-cancerous state. Here, the authors use whole-genome sequencing to characterise the mutational processes and drivers of OAC progression from Barrett’s Oesophagus, as well as their prognostic associations.

Analysis of gut microbiomes from Gambian infants reveals bacterial trophic networks based around Prevotella species, which are typically enriched in non-industrialized populations.

The de novo design of functional membrane proteins is a formidable challenge. Now, water-soluble peptides have been designed that assemble into α-helical barrels with accessible, polar and hydrated central channels. Insights from these structures have been used to produce stable membrane-spanning, cation-selective channels.

The mantle lithosphere has thinned more than the crust beneath the Malawi Rift despite being melt-poor, according to seismic wave imaging; this suggests early melting of fusible mantle material.

Healthspan and healthy aging are areas of research with potential socioeconomic impact. Here, the authors present the Medical Genome Reference Bank (MGRB) which consist of over 4,000 individuals aged 70 years and older without a history of the major age-related diseases and report on results from whole-genome sequencing and association analyses.

Woermann and colleagues describe a deaminase-independent function for APOBEC3A in initiating chromosomal instability and STING-dependent metastasis in human and mouse pancreatic cancer.

Most kimberlites erupting in the past billion years on Earth did so about 30 million years after continental breakup, with dynamical and analytical models suggesting a control from rifting-related mantle delamination.

To date, no Ca2 + -selective channelrhodopsins have been characterized. In this study, Fernandez Lahore et al. report two calcium-permeable channelrhodopsins (CapChR1 and 2) for the photocontrol of calcium signalling in excitable tissue.