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Genome-wide analysis identifies 30 loci associated with bipolar disorder, allowing for comparisons of shared genes and pathways with other psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and depression.

Much is known about crystal structures of MHC class II–autoreactive TCRs. Sewell and colleagues provide the structure of an MHC class I–autoreactive TCR and provide insight into the molecular basis of its diabetogenicity.

An ecological footprint approach demonstrates that EU-27 residents demand more from nature than the region’s ecosystems can regenerate, with a quarter of biocapacity for food originating outside of the region.

Here the authors find socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities in county-level air pollution emissions reductions in the 40 years following the Clean Air Act (1970-2010) in the USA, particularly in emissions from energy generation and industry.

Ruiz-Orera et al. used comparative transcriptomics and translatomics to analyze the cardiac evolution in primates and discovered species-specific and lineage-specific genomic innovations that might contribute to cardiac development and disease.

The demand to image large biological samples at high resolution requires improvement in current light-sheet microscopy tools. Here, the authors present an improved, benchtop mesoSPIM with a significantly increased field-of-view, improved resolution and improved throughput.

Genome-wide data from 400 individuals indicate that the initial spread of the Beaker archaeological complex between Iberia and central Europe was propelled by cultural diffusion, but that its spread into Britain involved a large-scale migration that permanently replaced about ninety per cent of the ancestry in the previously resident population.

This study resolves a long-standing mystery of why t haplotypes, an example of selfish genes, have persisted at unexpectedly low frequencies in wild mouse populations. It shows that multiple mating by females, which is more common at higher mouse population densities, decreases the frequency of driving t haplotypes.

Genome-wide ancient DNA data from individuals from the Middle Bronze Age to Iron Age documents large-scale movement of people from the European continent between 1300 and 800 bc that was probably responsible for spreading early Celtic languages to Britain.

Here, the authors show that short-term consumption of energy-dense diets deficient in fiber, similar to eating patterns for many people today, results in a transient depression of the mucosal and systemic immune systems such that susceptibility to bacterial infection is increased.

Stratified medicine promises to tailor treatment for individual patients, however it remains a major challenge to leverage genetic risk data to aid patient stratification. Here the authors introduce an approach to stratify individuals based on the aggregated impact of their genetic risk factor profiles on tissue-specific gene expression levels, and highlight its ability to identify biologically meaningful and clinically actionable patient subgroups, supporting the notion of different patient ‘biotypes’ characterized by partially distinct disease mechanisms.

Large genome-wide meta-analysis of clinically diagnosed late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) from 94,437 individuals identifies new LOAD risk loci and implicates Aβ formation, tau protein binding, immune response and lipid metabolism.

A study of the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in England between September 2020 and June 2021 finds that interventions capable of containing previous variants were insufficient to stop the more transmissible Alpha and Delta variants.

Central nervous system lesions are reduced following focused ultrasound treatment in a mouse model.

Although investment in pharmaceutical research and development (R&D) has increased substantially in recent decades, the lack of a corresponding increase in the output in terms of new drugs being approved indicates that therapeutic innovation has become more challenging. Here, using a large database that contains information on R&D projects for more than 28,000 compounds investigated since 1990, Riccaboni and colleagues examine the factors underlying the decline in R&D productivity, which include an increasing concentration of R&D investments in areas in which the risk of failure is high.

The Omicron variant evades vaccine-induced neutralization but also fails to form syncytia, shows reduced replication in human lung cells and preferentially uses a TMPRSS2-independent cell entry pathway, which may contribute to enhanced replication in cells of the upper airway. Altered fusion and cell entry characteristics are linked to distinct regions of the Omicron spike protein.

Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG3) is an immune checkpoint protein recently approved as a target for anti-melanoma therapy. Here, the authors solve the structure of mouse LAG3 bound to MHC-II to show that LAG3 blocks MHC-II/CD4 interactions, thereby implicating a potential mechanism of LAG3-mediated immune suppression.

A quantum implementation of coin flipping—a cryptographic primitive allowing distrustful parties to agree on a random bit—may offer security advantages over classical implementations. Pappa et al.enhance a commercial quantum key distribution system to prove such advantages over long distances.

This Perspective considers the addition of ACKR1 genetic testing for identifying ACKR1/DARC-associated neutropenia in patients receiving clozapine, recommending eligibility criteria and testing strategies while estimating substantial cost savings for the UK healthcare system and enhancing equitable treatment access.

Ageing increases the risk of many diseases. Here the authors compare blood cell transcriptomes of over 14,000 individuals and identify a set of about 1,500 genes that are differently expressed with age, shedding light on transcriptional programs linked to the ageing process and age-associated diseases.

Many networked datasets encoded with hypergraphs include additional node attributes, such as roles in a workplace, that can enhance the understanding of higher-order interactions. This study presents a model that integrates higher-order interactions and node attributes for improved community detection in hypergraphs, demonstrating superior accuracy and efficiency in hyperedge prediction and community division tasks.

Peripheral ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells induced by BNT162b2 vaccination cross-react to the Omicron variant at higher levels than those induced by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Lapses in attention before remembering partially account for why we remember or forget in the moment, why some individuals remember better than others, and why heavier media multitasking is related to worse memory.

DNA methylation is associated with complex traits and the expression of genes and proteins. Here, Zaghlool et al. perform epigenome-wide association studies for 1,123 plasma proteins, replicate obtained protein (p)QTMs in an independent cohort and find overlap of pQTMs with expression QTMs and previously reported disease associations.

Ancient DNA analyses reveal that Viking Age migrations from Scandinavia resulted in differential influxes of ancestry to different parts of Europe, and the increased presence of non-local ancestry within Scandinavia.

Post-international travel quarantine has been widely implemented to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission, but the impacts of such policies are unclear. Here, the authors used linked genomic and contact tracing data to assess the impacts of a 14-day quarantine on return to England in summer 2020.

Slow waves in sleep are crucial for homeostatic regulation of brain function. Here the authors show similar slow wave activity occurs during wakefulness in people with epilepsy to counter the impact of abnormal, epileptic, brain activity.

Nageotte nodules in the dorsal root ganglia were first described 100 years ago, but little is known about them. Here, the authors link Nageotte nodules to neurodegeneration in diabetic neuropathy in humans and describe their molecular composition.

John Perry, Ken Ong and colleagues analyze genotype data on ∼370,000 women and identify 389 independent signals that associate with age at menarche, implicating ∼250 genes. Their analyses suggest causal inverse associations, independent of BMI, between puberty timing and risks for breast and endometrial cancers in women and prostate cancer in men.

Genetic and testing data from England show that the SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern B.1.1.7 has a transmission advantage over other lineages.

Short-read RNA-seq is limited in its ability to resolve complex transcript isoforms since it cannot sequence full-length cDNA. Here the authors use Oxford Nanopore MinION and their Mandalorion analysis pipeline to measure complex isoforms in B1a cells.

Battery production cost models are critical for evaluating cost competitiveness but frequently lack transparency and standardization. A bottom-up approach for calculating the full cost, marginal cost, and levelized cost of various battery production methods is proposed, enriched by a browser-based modular user tool.

Sexual dimorphism in genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia, systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren’s syndrome is linked to differential protein abundance from alleles of complement component 4.

Phylogenetic analysis is used to identify transmission chains, but no software is available for the automated partition of large phylogenies. Prosperiet al. apply a new search algorithm to identify transmission clusters within the phylogeny of HIV-1gene sequences linking molecular and epidemiological data.

Genome-wide ancient DNA data from 225 individuals who lived in southeastern Europe between 12000 and 500 bc reveals that the region acted as a genetic crossroads before and after the arrival of farming.

JWST/NIRSpec observations of Abell2744-QSO1 show a high black-hole-to-host mass ratio in the early Universe, which indicates that we are seeing the black hole in a phase of rapid growth, accreting at 30% of the Eddington limit.

Remotely sensed NDVI data and contemporary field data from 84 grasslands on 6 continents show increasing divergence in aboveground plant biomass between sites in different bioclimatic regions.

RUBIES-EGS-QG-1 is an exceptionally massive and mature galaxy discovered just 1.2 billion years after the Big Bang. Its stars formed in an extremely rapid burst, posing a major challenge to all current theoretical models.

Electronic many-body effects are used to control the electron effective mass, and thus the plasma energy and electrical conductivity, of thin films of the correlated metals SrVO₃ and CaVO₃, making them good candidates as transparent conductors.

Reducing herbicides exposes crops to yield losses from weeds. This study on winter wheat and barley finds that more even weed communities reduce yield losses by suppressing dominant weeds.

A combination of engineering advances shows promise for myoelectric prosthetic hands that are controlled by a user’s remaining muscle activity. Fine finger movements are decoded from surface electromyograms with machine learning algorithms and this is combined with a robotic controller that is active only during object grasping to assist in maximizing contact. This shared control scheme allows user-controlled movements when high dexterity is desired, but also assisted grasping when robustness is required.

A randomized controlled trial evaluating the selection of a single blastocyst for transfer by deep learning did not demonstrate noninferiority in clinical pregnancy rates when compared to trained embryologists using standard morphology criteria.

The bacterium Helicobacter pylori, often found in the human stomach, can be classified into distinct subpopulations associated with the geographic origin of the host. Here, the authors provide insights into H. pylori population structure by collecting over 1,000 clinical strains from 50 countries and generating and analyzing high-quality bacterial genome sequences.

Dectin-1 is a critical component of the innate sensing repertoire which is involved in pattern based recognition of fungal pathogens. Here the authors show that intramembrane proteolysis is involved in the regulation of the antifungal host response by termination of the phagosomal signalling of Dectin-1.

This paper reports the design and spinning of intrinsically red-colored artificial silk fibers. A mini-spidroin variant is engineered as a fusion with the red fluorescent protein mCherry, expressed at high yields in E. coli fed-batch fermentations.

In a cluster-randomized trial conducted across 70 medical centers in six countries, a 16-week structured educational program for healthcare providers improved adherence to guidelines for rhythm control but not for stroke prevention in individuals with atrial fibrillation.

Partially unfolded alpha-lactalbumin forms an oleic acid complex with antitumorigenic properties. Here, the authors define a structurally flexible, peptide-based oleate complex and report a phase I/II clinical trial where this complex is used to treat patients with bladder cancer.

Wilms tumour is a childhood kidney cancer that affects 1 in 10,000 children. Here the authors exome sequence 12 individuals with non-syndromic Wilms tumour from six unrelated families and find mutations in CTR9 that may increase risk of developing the disease.