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A phase 1/2 clinical trial of a new device-assisted therapy in Parkinson’s disease revealed that intracerebroventricular administration of anaerobic dopamine was safe and significantly reduced l-dopa-related complications.

Wang, Kronenberg-Tenga, Rosti and colleagues use several structural approaches to analyze the distribution of nucleosomes at the lamin–chromatin interface, test the impact of lamins on nucleosome density and identify a lamin A nucleosome-binding motif.

Type 2 diabetes predisposes individuals to multiple comorbidities, but causal mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors use Mendelian randomisation to show that distinct genetic pathways underlie diabetes-related risks, with ancestry-specific differences.

CO oxidation catalysts face a tradeoff between high activity and stability due to oxidation-induced deactivation. By trapping Pt clusters at stepped CeO₂ pockets, this work circumvents the stability-activity dilemma.

Metallic molybdenum disulfide is a metastable phase of the material. Here, the authors synthesize two-dimensional metallic molybdenum disulfide nanosheets, stabilized by adsorbed aqueous monolayers, and evaluate their catalytic hydrogen evolution activity.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

Phase-resolved mid-infrared observations from JWST of the hot gas giant WASP-43b detect a day–night difference of 659 ± 19 K. Comparison with climate models shows that the observations are compatible with cloudy skies, at least on the nightside, and the lack of methane detection suggests the presence of disequilibrium chemistry.

Human diseases may evolve by migration or spread, but understanding these complex processes is challenging. Here, the authors leverage graph homomorphisms to reconstruct trees describing histories of metastatic migrations and viral host-to-host transmissions.

Humans adapt social and asocial learning to dynamically changing contexts, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the authors clarify these mechanisms and show that the degree of social and asocial adaptivity predicts individual performance.

Geospatial estimates of the prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age across 82 low-income and middle-income countries reveals considerable heterogeneity and inequality at national and subnational levels, with few countries on track to meet the WHO Global Nutrition Targets by 2030.

The Panoptes antiphage system defends bacteria by detecting phage-encoded counter-defences that sequester cyclic nucleotide signals, triggering membrane disruption and highlighting a broader strategy of sensing immune evasion through second-messenger surveillance.

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an inherited gastrointestinal syndrome associated with duodenal adenoma formation. Here the authors show that IL17A-producing NKp44- group 3 innate lymphoid cells accumulate in FAP duodenal tissue and are associated with duodenal adenoma formation in patients with FAP.

Surprisingly consistent replication failure of gray matter correlates of childhood maltreatment raises questions about publication bias in prior literature and about prevailing models linking maltreatment to brain structure in adult populations.

The authors advance the foundations of exciton-polariton transport based on a field-theoretical approach. This provides microscopic insight on the experimentally observed group velocity renormalization effect.

Analysis of data from multiple instruments reveals a giant exoplanet in orbit around the 0.2-solar-mass star TOI-6894. The existence of this exoplanetary system challenges assumptions about planet formation and it is an excellent target for atmospheric characterization.

In this Consensus Statement, an international panel of experts present an overview of the latest developments in the field of cholangiocarcinoma. A set of consensus recommendations and research priorities is provided.

Disulfide-based dimerization of modified identical and heterologous nanobody scaffolds enables higher-order assembly for high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure determination that is widely applicable to small protein targets.

Findings on solar activity in the first millennium CE confirm four Grand Solar Minima and indicate two patterns of weakening-then-strengthening in the Schwabe cycle, providing insights into solar dynamo behavior, according to analysis of Δ14C data from tree rings.

A novel personalized phage therapy strategy that selects phages for a predicted evolutionary trade-off may represent a viable alternative approach for the treatment of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections.

A photophoretic aircraft that can levitate via thermal transpiration is achieved under near-space conditions, providing a potential platform for climate sensing, communications and Martian exploration.

Wastewater surveillance for disease outbreaks currently requires lab testing which causes delays. Here, authors develop ultra-sensitive quantum sensors enabling 2-hour near-source pathogen detection from raw wastewater with high sensitivity and specificity, creating a portable “lab-in-a-suitcase” system.

Control of HIV and SIV infection is largely thought to be achieved through direct lysis of target cells. Here, using mathematical modelling of viral load data from rhesus macaques, the authors propose that virus control is best explained by the combination of cytolytic and non-cytolytic effects.

DeepRETStroke is a deep learning system using retinal photographs to detect silent brain infarction and predict future stroke events.

Pseudocapacitors are emerging as alternatives to conventional supercapacitors. Here, authors showed an uncommon charge storage mechanism in a high-rate conjugated polyelectrolyte and demonstrated practical pouch and solid-state pseudocapacitor devices with competitive energy up to 71 μWh cm⁻² and power performance up to 160 mW cm⁻².

A consensus cell type atlas for the fly brain provides both an intellectual framework and open-source toolchains for brain-scale comparative connectomics.

This paper shows that the data and methods used to partition precipitation into rain and snow are fundamentally flawed at air temperatures near the freezing point. Machine learning methods cannot overcome the performance dip and biases of the existing traditional techniques, highlighting the need for new approaches.

Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumours (siNETs) are rare bowel tumors generally considered to be a single entity. Here, the authors perform a multiomics analysis of siNETs and reveal four distinct molecular groups with clinical relevance, including groups linked to differentiation patterns, immunity, and mesenchymal properties.

This study develops a wide-ranging index to assess the many factors that contribute to the health and benefits of the oceans, and the scores for all costal nations are assessed.

Here the authors apply machine learning approaches to Alzheimer’s genetics, confirm known associations and suggest novel risk loci. These methods demonstrate predictive power comparable to traditional approaches, while also offering potential new insights beyond standard genetic analyses.

The application of electric fields >1 V/nm in solid state devices could provide access to unexplored phenomena, but it is currently difficult to implement. Here, the authors develop a double-sided ionic liquid gating technique to generate electric fields as large as 4 V/nm across few-layer WSe₂, leading to field-induced semiconductor-to-metal transitions.

Administration of 5-MeO-DMT produces a dissociated brain state in mice, characterized by global slow-wave activity alongside behavioral wakefulness and marked pupil dilation.

Amide formation is a ubiquitous reaction in organic chemistry, but suffers from the problem of generating large amounts of waste. Here, the authors report a catalytic amide synthesis by the ruthenium catalysed addition of carboxylic acids to acetylenes, followed by reaction with primary or secondary amines.

Saur, Lesage et al. report that RNA:DNA hybrids arise at double-strand breaks in transcribed genes, independently of de novo recruitment of RNA polymerase II/III, as a result of DSB-induced transcriptional repression.

Although single-cell RNA sequencing analysis now allows simultaneous examination of transcriptome and T cell receptor repertoire sequences, integrating these two modalities remains a challenge. Here, the authors develop mvTCR, a generative deep learning model that integrates transcriptome and T cell receptor data into a joint representation capturing cell functions and phenotypes.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

A genomic constraint map for the human genome constructed using data from 76,156 human genomes from the Genome Aggregation Database shows that non-coding constrained regions are enriched for regulatory elements and variants associated with complex diseases and traits.

New concepts for comparing the genomes of 27 naturally inbred Arabidopsis thaliana accessions provide essential insights into obtaining a less biased view of whole-genome polymorphism.

Conformation-specific antibodies and longitudinal tracking of individual neurons in situ identifies a toxic monomer species linked to Huntington's disease.

Glycans regulate cells via glycosylation, and aberrant glycosylation is linked to disease initiation and progression. Here, the authors present GlycanDIA, a DIA-based workflow enabling sensitive, precise glycan analysis, revealing low-abundant modifications and profiling distinct RNA glycan patterns with biological relevance.

Here the authors present a topological data approach to navigate neural recordings, revealing that even the simplest tasks can illuminate complexities of internal spatial representations such as grid cell tori and boundary vector circles.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

This study shows that the brain can link action to value through neural population subspaces, balancing reliable binding of action to value and generalization to novel stimuli.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

Epistasis can be quantified using the chimeric formula, which mixes additive and multiplicative scales. Here, the authors show that this formula does not appropriately quantify higher-order epistasis.

An unsymmetric, strong and confined chiral acid, a highly fluorinated imino-imidodiphosphate, catalyses the selective conversion of neral to (1R,6S)-trans-isopiperitenol, enabling sustainable routes to menthol and cannabinoids.