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Whole-genome sequencing of polioviruses in Uganda following nOPV2 use showed high genetic stability and no sustained transmission, even though a rare double recombinant strain regained virulence, but did not spread due to high vaccination coverage.

Lysosomes are vital for cellular health and linked to many diseases. Here, authors use cryo-ET to image intact lysosomes and resolve lysosomal protein structures, providing a platform to advance the study of lysosome biology.

Unprecedented groundwater recovery ( ~ 0.7 m/yr) driven by water diversions, strict pumping regulations, and a wet climate occurred in the North China Plain after decades of depletion, showing large-scale recovery is possible under human intervention.

The vertebrate brain forms during embryonic development through mechanical processes that are precisely coordinated in space and time. Here, the authors uncover how extrinsic forces regulate tissue flows and cellular rearrangements to shape the early neural plate during zebrafish gastrulation.

Fundamental biophysical principles that govern particle inclusion in or exclusion from condensates are discovered, wherein arbitrarily large particles controllably partition into condensates given sufficiently strong condensate-particle interactions.

Global landings of wild-caught seafood have plateaued in recent years. Analysing trends in global fisheries catches, Watson et al.find that distance between sourcing and consumption has increased steadily since the 1950s, with ocean productivity unlikely to meet current consumption rates by 2100.

Researchers analyzed 5,279 plasma proteins in 40 people undergoing feminizing gender-affirming hormone therapy over 6 months, revealing significant changes in 299 proteins. Such changes could have implications for reproductive capacity, immune regulation and long-term health.

Resting T cells are difficult to manipulate, and are a reservoir for latent HIV. Here, the authors develop a lipid nanoparticle formulation with the ability to transfect resting primary human T cells, enabling delivery of mRNAs that result in reactivation of latent HIV. This could help development of HIV cure strategies.

Degraders of SMARCA2/4 have so far relied on bivalent designs. Here, a targeted discovery campaign identified the first monovalent degraders, revealing a highly potent, selective compound that recruits FBXO22 through a covalent mechanism.

Parity induces an accumulation of CD8⁺ T cells, including cells with a tissue-resident-memory-like phenotype within human normal breast tissue, offering long-term protection against triple-negative breast cancer.

Characterizing atrial fibrillation (AF) at the single cell level is challenging. Here, the authors perform snRNA-seq on 18 patients with AF to investigate the cell composition, and gene expression shifts associated with this common arrhythmia.

How age affect the immune response to malaria is not fully understood. Here, the authors characterise the transcriptome and serum inflammatory cytokines in children and adults in response to malaria, showing that there is an increase of inflammatory chemokine and cellular responses in adults compared to children.

Alfajaro et al identify that a bat MERS-like coronavirus HKU5 uses ACE2 as a receptor from its natural bat reservoir Pipistrellus abramus and American mink. Structural analyses demonstrate a unique interaction between the HKU5 receptor binding domain and bat ACE2. This highlights the receptor flexibility of merbecoviruses and identifies mink as potential intermediate hosts, informing viral surveillance and countermeasure development.

Atopic dermatitis is a highly heritable skin condition. Here, the authors perform a GWAS meta-analysis of atopic dermatitis and carry out downstream analyses and functional experiments to understand the impact of the variants they identify.

SCIFER detects clonal selection in whole-genome sequencing data using a population genetics model. Applied to a range of somatic tissues, SCIFER quantifies stem cell dynamics and infers clonal ages and sizes without requiring knowledge of driver events.

Inhibition of nucleus accumbens neurons is crucial for reward consumption. Vachez, Tooley et al. characterize arkypallidal neurons in the ventral pallidum that inhibit accumbal neurons to sustain reward consumption in a value-dependent manner.

Tracing barcoded clones of Klebsiella pneumoniae during pneumonia with bacteremia, Holmes and colleagues identify two modes of dissemination, with high or low bacterial burdens, and define the host and bacterial factors that influence this process.

Cellular nuisance compounds are a burden in chemical biology and drug screening. Here the authors profile prototypical cytotoxic and nuisance compounds using the cell painting assay to systematically characterise cellular morphologies associated with compound-dependent cellular injury and nuisance activity.

A human binary protein interactome map that includes around 53,000 protein–protein interactions involving more than 8,000 proteins provides a reference for the study of human cellular function in health and disease.

How PDZD8 acted in Mitochondria-ER contact formation was unclear. Here, the authors show that binding to mitochondrial FKBP8 slows PDZD8’s rapid motion, enhancing contacts and mitochondrial complexity.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

A temperature-dependent kinetic study of ground-state proton transfer in the green fluorescent protein highlights the role of ‘deep tunnelling’ in proton wires. A potential mechanism for directional proton transport is proposed, where high-pK_a amino acid residues act as ‘tunnel diodes’ and as stabilizing elements within protein water wires.

Proteogenomic analysis of human cerebrospinal fluid by measuring 6,361 proteins in 3,506 individuals identifies new protein QTLs and highlights genetic regulation involved in neurological processes.

Transcription of toxin–antitoxin modules is regulated by conditional cooperativity, where the toxin enables or disrupts antitoxin-driven repression. Here, the authors solve the structural basis for the conditional cooperativity of Salmonella TacAT3.

Grockowiak et al. explore bone marrow niche heterogeneity in myeloproliferative neoplasms, polycytemia vera and essential thrombocytemia and find JAK2-mutated hematopoietic stem cells occupying distinct niches affecting cell growth and therapy response.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

A genome-wide association study identifies 17 genetic loci that are associated with the risk of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), and shows that the modulation of haematopoietic stem cell function drives MPN risk.

Current media for neuronal cell and organoid cultures are suboptimal for functional imaging and optogenetics experiments, owing to phototoxicity and unphysiological performance. Here the authors formulate an optimised neuronal medium to support live cell imaging and electrophysiological activity.

This study evaluates global water models in capturing both water fluxes and storage, identifying well-performing regions and areas of discrepancy, ultimately emphasizing the need for further model refinements to better represent human activities.

N-terminal acetylation dysregulation in the heart causes severe arrhythmia and cardiomyopathy. The authors show that stem cell models demonstrate ion channel trafficking defects and sarcomeric disarray as the underlying mechanisms, with gene therapy reversing both phenotypes

Antibiotic resistance and virulence factors are identified in Mycobacterium abscessus by integrating proteome-wide structural modelling, GWAS analyses and mapping gene interaction networks for 331 clinical isolates.

Maps of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) help identify new components of pathways, complexes, and processes. In this work, state-of-the-art methods are used to identify binary Drosophila PPIs, generating broadly useful physical and data resources.

It is thought that polyphenols inhibit organic matter decomposition in soils devoid of oxygen. Here the authors use metabolomics and genome-resolved metaproteomics to provide experimental evidence of polyphenol biodegradation and maintained soil microbial community metabolism despite anoxia.

FRB 20221022A, detected by the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment Fast Radio Burst project, shows a pronounced change in polarization during the burst, providing important clues into the nature of the source.

Food demand is increasing, while climate change is impacting the magnitude and stability of crop yields. High-quality soils are able to buffer the negative impacts of climate change and lead to smaller yield reduction and higher yield stability, indicating a potential adaptation strategy.

The cryo-EM structure of phage φTE is presented, revealing a distinct neck topology, tail sheath baseplate organization and oligomeric state of the tape measure protein. These features suggest a mechanism linking base plate conformational changes to sheath contraction and genome ejection.

Efforts to address the water challenges that societies face are hindered by a lack of funding and ineffective implementation, as well as poor understanding of the causes. Adopting a beyond growth framing, this Perspective reflects on the responses needed to mitigate water crises around the world.

A CRISPR–Cas9 genetic screen shows that the adenine nucleotide translocator is required for mitophagy and that this role is independent of its nucleotide translocase activity.

Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) has been implicated as a major pathogen in childhood caries. Here, the authors show that Selenomonas sputigena, a flagellated anaerobe, interacts with S. mutans in the supragingival biofilm, builds a honeycomb-like multicellular-superstructure that encapsulates it, and promotes the development of childhood dental caries.

Coccidioidomycosis, a WHO-listed mycosis, is neglected in South America. Analysis of 292 cases in Brazil, often tied to armadillo hunting, unveils unique disease patterns, environmental factors and pathogen genetics causing the disease.

Characterizing infection, pathogenesis and transmission of BANAL-52 and BANAL-236 in primary respiratory cells, mice and hamsters shows how viruses closely related to SARS-CoV-2 present a threat for spillover.

Chromatin accessibility dynamics profiling throughout the development of the stomatal lineage uncovers a crucial role for heterotypic cis- and trans-acting factors. These drive cell-fate commitment during specialized cell-type differentiation.

Here the authors describe the Waffle Method, aimed at increasing the throughput of and solves several challenges present in cryo-FIB/SEM sample preparation for cryo-ET analysis — the highest-resolution method for obtaining 3D views of native biological specimens in-situ.