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Natural variation in the promoter of OsTPS8 contributes to differences in grain chalkiness and seed vigor between indica and japonica rice subspecies by altering trehalose-6-phosphate biosynthesis and α-amylase levels.

Phosphorus locked in carbonate rocks from seven global sites shows simultaneous marine phosphorus spikes during major mass extinctions. Modelling ties high marine phosphorus to eutrophication, CO2 drawdown, and global cooling.

Neural mechanisms underlying social behavior are not fully understood. Here authors show two lateral septum neuron types in male mice that bidirectionally regulate social memory via distinct hippocampal-hypothalamic circuits.

Lactylation of SOD1 at lysine in nucleus pulposus cells and aggravates intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) in male rats.

Host defense requires coordination between epithelial sensing and systemic responses. Here, the authors show that proton signaling links intestinal pathogen detection to motor neurons, promoting avoidance behavior and innate immunity in C. elegans.

Han et al. report a highly conductive composite electrode with low equivalent sheet resistance of 1.5 Ω sq-1. A self-masking method is developed to prevent shunting caused by uneven grid surfaces, enabling flexible organic solar cells with efficiencies of 15.20% (4 cm² devices) and 14.24% (16 cm² devices).

The flammability of the Li electrode impedes its safe application in a battery. Here, the authors develop a layered Li electrode design to eliminate corrosion between Li metal and fire retardant, and smart release fire retardant against Li combustion during heating conditions, enabling a safe Li metal battery.

Elevated exposure to 4-hydroxyphenanthrene (4-OHPhe) is positively associated with obesity risk. Here, the authors show that exposure to 4-OHPhe downregulates expression of hydroxylamine reductase genes in Bacteroides uniformis, leading to altered gut microbiota-bile acid-FXR axis and suppression of adipose thermogenesis.

Spatial principles of regulatory elements in primate cortex are poorly understood. Here, authors show a chromatin accessibility atlas identifying primate-specific cis-elements associated with psychiatric disease risks in specific cell types.

Methyl groups play a vital role in pharmaceuticals, where their installation onto aryl and heteroaryl moieties of drug candidates can often enhance drug-target interactions. Here, the authors report the methylation of phenols (as tosylates) and aryl halides via a hydrazone-mediated Ni catalyzed cross-coupling reaction, employing formaldehyde hydrazone as the methyl reagent.

Lithium||sulfur batteries are limited by sluggish solid-state sulfur conversion. Here, authors investigate spin-state transitions as a key kinetic barrier and design a spin-regulated catalyst that accelerates sulfur conversion, suppresses polysulfide shuttling, and enables high-capacity pouch cells.

This study reveals that coagulation pretreatment can unexpectedly worsen reverse osmosis membrane fouling by altering solution chemistry and microbial behaviour, challenging its role in long-term membrane performance in zero-liquid discharge systems.

SERS analysis at higher temperatures, such as during photothermal processes, is challenging due to enhancement losses. Here, the authors demonstrate a heat-induced increase in SERS activity mechanistically attributed to assisted hot-hole transfer.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune condition and treatment options have limited efficacy. Here, by analysis clinical samples and employing preclinical models, the authors show that cGAMP levels are elevated in the plasma of patients with SLE and that loss of cGAS ameliorates symptoms in an imiquimod-induced lupus model. Importantly, they identify prasugel as a cGAS inhibitor with promising therapeutic potential.

The impact of cooling through the Eocene-Oligocene transition on the marine biosphere is not well constrained. Here the authors construct a high-resolution record of foraminiferal species richness history spanning this transition that reveals differential diversity trends depending on foraminiferal habitat and life mode.

High-performance battery materials often degrade during standard cleaning processes. Here, the authors identify why water washing causes structural collapse in sodium-based oxides and demonstrate that ethylene glycol can safely remove impurities while maintaining the material’s integrity.

Room-temperature multiferroic materials are highly demanded for designing next-generation of spintronic devices. Here, the authors demonstrate an emergent room-temperature ferrimagnetism and polar phase in highly strained La₂CoRuO₆ epitaxial films through engineered 3d−4d cation ordering.

A genome-wide association study in rice identifies variation in SBRR1 associated with sheath blight resistance. Introducing the SBRR1-R allele into a commercial rice variety reduces yield loss under severe exposure to sheath blight disease.

The growth of the smallest aerosol particles is critical to their impacts on climate and air quality. Here, the concentration gradient of nanoparticles is shown to be an important microphysical mechanism for their rapid initial growth.

The development of Tat clusters has advanced the intracellular delivery of functional antibodies at low concentrations, but the variety of proteins that can be successfully delivered remains limited. Here, the authors report that by reversibly modifying the surface of functional proteins with anionic peptides, various protein cargoes (otherwise difficult to deliver) can be delivered into living cells by synergetic electrostatic interactions with the cationic cell-penetrating peptide clusters TAT₃.

Standard of care CD19-targeting CAR-T therapy for Relapsed-Refractory Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (r/r DLBCL) faces frequent resistance often driven by regulatory T cell (Treg) activation. This study identifies Timosaponin AIII (TAIII) as A2AR inhibitor for enhanced CAR-T activity while depleting CAR-Treg formation.

Major depressive disorder involves disrupted molecular polarity homeostasis, with conventional antidepressants hindered by delayed onset and drug resistance. Here, the authors engineered near-infrared-responsive IC@His-ICG nanomotors for photochemical polarity switching, achieving targeted hippocampal neuromodulation in rodents to restore monoamine balance and relieve depression/anxiety.

This study presents a machine learning-based emergent constraint that reduces uncertainty in future warming projections by ~70% by identifying land and ocean areas that are the most informative of future warming. Earlier than anticipated exceedance of 2 °C warming becomes more likely with the better constrained projections.

Aerogel fibers face intrinsic trade-offs between mechanical robustness and thermal insulation. Here, the authors report ion-mediated, attenuated Coulombic assembly of recyclable heterocyclic aramid nanofibers to programmatically control hierarchical pore structure achieving high tensile strength and ultralow thermal conductivity.

CsPbI₃ perovskites face severe phase instability, limiting practical fabrication. The authors introduce a PTES-based moisture-responsive strategy enabling ambient processing and achieving up to 22.6% efficiency with improved stability.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) has built a cohort of more than half a million individuals with Han Chinese ancestry, providing a rich resource of genetic and medical data for this group.

Designing polymer membranes with high gas separation and structural robustness is challenging. Here the authors use a microzone interfacial polymerization strategy, forming a heterogeneous crumpled membrane, for effective CO2/N2 separation.

Cold tolerance at the booting stage is critical for the expansion of rice cultivation area. Here, the authors report that a CAMTA family transcription factor encoding gene CTB3 positively regulates japonica rice booting stage cold tolerance and its upstream and downstream interactors to fulfill the functionality.

NatD is an acetyltransferase responsible for N-α-terminal acetylation of the histone H4 and H2A and has been linked to cell growth. Here the authors show that NatD-mediated acetylation of histone H4 serine 1 competes with the phosphorylation by CK2α at the same residue thus leading to the upregulation of Slug and tumor progression.

The authors consider risks to global biodiversity from wildfire under climate change. They show increased risk to 83.9% of species pre-identified as wildfire vulnerable, with high risks for species with small ranges, high conservation concern and those in South America, Australia and South Asia.

Measurement-based quantum computing implements quantum algorithms by performing sequences of measurements on special classes of entangled states, such as cluster states. This approach has now been demonstrated on a superconducting quantum processor.

Food loss and waste (FLW) is a major source of global GHG emissions, yet its drivers and mitigation potential remain understudied. By attributing FLW to techno-economic and misbehavioural drivers, this study shows misbehaviour dominates FLW emissions and offers substantial mitigation potential.

Pancreatic ductal carcinoma is often diagnosed at a late stage due to challenges in detection. Here, the authors develop a serum metabolomics-based algorithm, which outperforms existing detection methods.