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A phylogenetic analysis examined the origins of the first mpox outbreak in Sierra Leone and found evidence of an emerging lineage (G.1) that has likely descended from the Nigerian epidemic and emerged in Sierra Leone months before first detection.

At planets that possess strong dipole magnetic fields, charged particles can be squeezed along magnetic fields helping to deflect the solar wind flow about the planet. Here, the authors show this effect occurring in the ionosphere of Mars, a planet without a strong dipole magnetic field.

A national prospective study of patients requiring hospitalization for COVID-19 demonstrates global cognitive deficits at 1 year, associated with elevated brain injury markers and reduced gray matter volume.

Exposome analyses across 34 countries showed that social exposures were associated with faster functional brain aging and physical exposures with faster structural brain aging.

The authors resolve 63 structurally diverse haplotype structures for the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome region. Deletion risk differs depending on structure; individuals of African ancestry are enriched for inverted repeats that predispose to inversion.

Part of the Hong Kong Genome Project, genomic analyses of more than 20,000 participants provide information on clinically relevant variants for the Chinese population and offer insights on the implementation of genomic medicine initiatives.

This study identifies distinct transposable element subfamilies as genetic determinants of stemness properties in normal and leukemic stem populations with clinical implications for patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

The foreign body response involves immune cell activation and fibrosis, understanding the connection of the two is important for the biomedical engineering field. Here the authors show in a mouse biomaterial implant model that γδ T cell interactions with stromal cells shape fibrosis with differential involvement of type-1 and type-17 effector γδ T cell subsets in the acute and chronic phases of the response.

In a first-in-human trial combining the transplantation of CD33-negative CRISPR-edited hematopoietic cells with the CD33-targeted antibody–drug conjugate gemtuzumab ozogamicin, all transplanted patients achieved primary engraftment, and the treatment was well tolerated.

International trade shifts part of the health burden of air pollution across countries. This study shows that about 14–18% of global deaths from fine particulate pollution—800,000 annually—are linked to trade, where consumption in higher-income economies drives exposure in lower-income ones.

A chemoproteomic strategy reveals how posttranslational modifications reshape protein ligandability across the human proteome, uncovering more than 400 state-dependent interactions, including phosphorylation-driven control of KRAS inhibitor activity.

Plasmodium vivax reticulocyte binding protein 2b (PvRBP2b) is important for invasion of reticulocytes and PvRBP2b antibodies correlate with protection. Here, Chan et al. isolate and characterize anti-PvRBP2b human monoclonal antibodies and describe mechanisms by which these antibodies inhibit invasion.

The authors identify a cluster of proteins that target human complement and bind plasminogen, revealing a conserved structural fold and a multifunctional immune evasion strategy that enables survival of Borrelia recurrentis in the human host.

While mononuclear lanthanide-based systems can be tailored to be high-performance SMMs using ligand fields that maximize magnetic anisotropy, the control of individual anisotropies in polynuclear lanthanide clusters is more challenging. Here, the authors report a [Co^III₃Dy^III₃] coordination cluster and investigate its toroidal magnetic spin structure using a range of experimental techniques and ab initio calculations.

High-resolution structures of the plant small GTPase RACB show how switching between inactive and active states enables RIPb effector binding, providing a physical link between the cell membrane and microtubules required for fungal pathogen entry.

Divergent white matter metabolic patterns reveal a mechanistic basis for cognitive resilience and enhance prediction of future cognitive decline beyond established aging and dementia biomarkers.

Funding agencies play a critical role in shaping science, yet their inner workings are often inaccessible. Here, the authors show how the NIH cooperated with academics during the Human Genome Project and subsequent genomics initiatives.

Engineered RNA domains that can adopt two- and fourfold symmetry are shown to be effective scaffolds for structure determination for RNAs otherwise too small for cryoEM.

Curiosity detected over 20 organic molecules in 3.5-billion-year-old Martian rocks using a wet chemistry experiment, showing complex carbon compounds can survive for billions of years and may preserve clues about Mars’ past habitability

Reducing or stopping immunosuppression in recipients of allografts has the potential to spare them from increased risk of infection, malignancy and cardiovascular events. Here, the authors report the results of a phase-I clinical trial evaluating the use of donor-derived dendritic cells as means to achieve operational tolerance in living-donor liver transplantation.

Inducible base editors enhance cancer genomic screens in vivo.

Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 continue to evolve 6 to 12 months after infection in patients who have recovered from COVID-19, increasing in potency and breadth with time.

Element-element bonded multiply charged cationic species are well known as dimers or small cyclic oligomers in the condensed phase but the smallest acyclic version, a trinuclear unit possessing greater than a monocationic charge, has remained elusive. Here the authors report a bis(phosphine) supported low valent triantimony-based tricationic compound.

An analysis of whole-exome sequencing data linked to longitudinal electronic health records from 44,028 British South Asians finds new gene–phenotype associations and identifies 2,991 genes with rare biallelic predicted loss-of-function genotypes.

N input and warming alter plant traits and mycorrhizal communities, reducing belowground C inputs and stable soil organic C while accelerating decomposition, highlighting root–mycorrhizal interactions as key regulators of soil C under global change.

Here the authors provide an explanation for 95% of examined predicted loss of function variants found in disease-associated haploinsufficient genes in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), underscoring the power of the presented analysis to minimize false assignments of disease risk.

Zhang et al. performed a multi-regional multi-omics study, identifying brain-wide mitochondrial and synaptic defects in neurons and glial inflammation as key mechanisms underlying central nervous system impairment in COVID-19, potentially triggering neurodegeneration.

Wang and colleagues used in vivo ATP imaging of retinal ganglion cells to determine the metabolic diversity across closely related neuron types. They found different homeostatic ATP levels and mitochondrial reliance for energy production that impacted survival after axon injury.

Working memory improves during adolescent brain development. Zhu et al. tracked monkeys through adolescence, revealing that maturation of white matter tracts and refinement of neural firing patterns sharpen working memory precision.

Improved red and green indicators for norepinephrine and their characterization are reported. These indicators allow detection of norepinephrine release in awake behaving mice in dual-color fiber photometry and two-photon imaging applications.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

Analysis of neuroimaging datasets across five major psychedelics revealed a shared brain signature and provides a comprehensive insight into how these drugs reorganize brain architecture.

Analyses of epidemiological, clinical and molecular data from a prospective cohort of 3,100 patients with esophageal carcinoma suggest intestinal metaplasia as a single precancer pathway preceding the disease.

Baleen whales migrate from high latitude feeding grounds to subtropical reproductive winter grounds, translocating limiting nutrients across ecosystems. This study estimates the latitudinal movement of nutrients from carcasses, placentas and urea for four species of baleen whales that exhibit annual migrations.

Motor enzymes that translocate DNA are an essential element of nanopore sequencing. Here, authors use mutual information to quantify the sequence-dependence of helicase kinetics and show that such kinetics can be used to improve the sequencing accuracy of all standard DNA bases.

McGavern and colleagues identified a CD8⁺ T cell population that expresses GZMK in ʽtau-richʼ brains, where it may play a protective role against neurodegeneration.

Here, the authors examine the mechanisms behind cheatgrass’s successful invasion of North American ecosystems. Their genetic analyses and common garden experiments demonstrate that multiple introductions and migrations facilitated cheatgrass local adaptation.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

Adsorption of trace transition-metal cations endows common Ca/Mg-carbonates and phyllosilicates with catalytic activity for electrochemical CO2 reduction under planetary conditions, potentially promoting prebiotic chemistry and the origin of life.

Tracking oceanic microbial populations in situ over time is challenging. Here, the authors use autonomous underwater vehicles to show how microbes at the deep chlorophyll maximum respond to diel cycles and isopycnal uplift by a cyclonic eddy.

In patients with advanced cancer, the development of brain metastasis (BM) often signals a worsening prognosis with limited therapeutic options. Here, the authors assemble a large, open-source neuroimaging dataset of BM and perform spatial and morphological analysis which they use to develop a framework for function-sparing brain radiotherapy design.

The T-cell receptor (TCR) activation mechanism has remained uncertain. Here, the authors present molecular structures for the apo and ligand-bound human TCR–CD3 complex in lipid nanodiscs, revealing large conformational changes during activation.

Small proteins (<50 kDa) are difficult to resolve by cryo-EM due to low signal-to-noise ratios and alignment challenges. Here, authors engineered conformationally rigid antibody fragments (Rigid Fabs) enabling high-resolution cryo-EM structures of small (~20 kDa) proteins like KRAS.

The authors find that distinct radial glia subtypes generate and support midbrain dopaminergic neurons, revealing specialized function and lineage relationships among the diverse cell types that shape dopamine neuron development.

Regulation of the actin cytoskeleton is essential for blood-brain barrier integrity and immune cell transmigration. Here, the authors show that the ion channel K2P2.1 regulates this process by shielding key signaling lipids and modulating actin dynamics.