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The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) has built a cohort of more than half a million individuals with Han Chinese ancestry, providing a rich resource of genetic and medical data for this group.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Enfortumab vedotin (EV) is the current standard treatment for advanced bladder cancer, but resistance typically develops within a year, highlighting the need for new therapies. This study demonstrates that NECTIN4-targeting CAR T cells are effective against bladder cancer, including EV-resistant cells, and their potency can be further enhanced by using rosiglitazone to boost NECTIN4 expression.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a prevalent malignancy in Taiwan. Here, the authors show that OSCC in Taiwanese show a frequent deletion polymorphism in the cytidine deaminases gene cluster APOBEC3 resulting in increased expression of A3A, which is shown to be of clinical prognostic relevance.

KLHL23 and RhoGDI compete for CDC42’s switch II region in a GTP- or GDP-dependent manner, driving spatiotemporal inactivation through degradation or sequestration. This dynamic control maintains membrane homeostasis and is impaired in Takenouchi–Kosaki Syndrome.

Extreme Sr–Nd depletion in 2.8-billion-year-old basalt fragments from the lunar farside South Pole–Aitken basin suggests an ultra-depleted mantle source resulting from lunar magma ocean crystallization and/or later impact-related melt extraction.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have improved our understanding of the genetic basis of lung adenocarcinoma but known susceptibility variants explain only a small fraction of the familial risk. Here, the authors perform a two-stage GWAS and report 12 novel genetic loci associated with lung adenocarcinoma in East Asians.

Freestanding membranes of hafnium zirconium oxide can be created using pulsed laser deposition method and used as the top-gate dielectric in molybdenum disulfide transistors.

Fine-mapping of causal variants and integration of epigenetic and chromatin conformation data identify likely target genes for 150 breast cancer risk regions.

In this study, the authors show that Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium co-opts the host mitochondrial citrate carrier (CIC) to regulate the redox state of its vacuole, facilitating intracellular survival.

Cells maintain a constant cytoplasm to nucleus volume ratio, although the role of DNA damage is not well explored. Here, the authors use Drosophila to connect TER94, the fly homolog of VCP, to disruption of DNA damage repair, leading to ubiquitinated Mu2 protein accumulation and enlarged nuclei.

Breast cancer risk for BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers varies depending on other genetic factors. Here, the authors perform a case-only genome-wide association study and highlight novel loci associated with breast cancer risk for BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers.

Two antibodies targeting the CεmX domain of membrane-bound IgE on human B lymphocytes are being developed to treat allergy. Here, the authors map the antigenic epitopes of the two antibodies and show that they bind to different conformations of the same peptide region.

Here the authors provide an explanation for 95% of examined predicted loss of function variants found in disease-associated haploinsufficient genes in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), underscoring the power of the presented analysis to minimize false assignments of disease risk.

Electrochemical CO₂ reduction to formate offers a sustainable route but has been difficult to achieve selectively on transition metals. Here, the authors show that chalcogenide-stabilized Cu⁺, via charge redistribution, enables near-complete formate production with industrially relevant efficiency.

Post-translational modifications regulate tumorigenesis and cancer therapy sensitivity. Here, the authors show that N-glycosylation defective Interleukin-6 (deNG-IL6) switches downstream signalling pathway from JAK-STAT3 to SRC-YAP axis and lung cancer cells secrete deNG-IL6 to promote metastasis and tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance.

A region on chromosome 19p13 is associated with the risk of developing ovarian and breast cancer. Here, the authors genotyped SNPs in this region in thousands of breast and ovarian cancer patients and identified SNPs associated with three genes, which were analysed with functional studies.

Graves’ disease is the leading cause of hyperthyroidism but treatment options can cause life-threatening complications. Chen et al. conduct two-stage direct HLA genotyping and genome-wide association studies to identify HLA-B*38:02 and HLA-DRB1*08:03 as major pharmacogenetic determinants.

Chu et al. develop a monthly-calibrated photoplethysmography pipeline that leverages an implicit HbA1c with PPG signals to non-invasively estimate fasting blood glucose across three diabetic cohorts. Improved accuracy is seen over prior approaches, as assessed by mean absolute relative differences and Parkes Error Grid analyses.

Thymic epithelial tumors are associated with increased risk of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced myotoxicities, and the presence of anti-acetylcholine-receptor antibodies has the potential to serve as a biomarker for ICI-induced myocarditis in patients with cancer.

Activation of neutrophil leukocytes is tightly regulated, and it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms of their response to physiological and pathological stimuli. Here authors show that the adhesion molecule G protein-coupled receptor 97 and its interaction partners play pivotal roles in neutrophil leukocyte activation both in anti-microbial response and in inflammatory diseases.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Common sleep problems are linked to various health conditions, but are often underdiagnosed. This study presents a deep learning model trained on 15,785 nights of respiratory data for contactless sleep monitoring. Leveraging this model, the remote management platform enables real-time in-home sleep assessment, advancing sleep health equity.

Noise-induced synchronization is known in classical systems and has recently been proposed in quantum many-body settings. Here, the authors experimentally demonstrate stable and entangled synchronized oscillations at the ends of a superconducting qubit chain by applying Gaussian noise to a single qubit.

SiGe nanowires exhibit ballistic thermal conduction at room temperature with a long phonon mean free path.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

Topological materials hold great promise for dissipationless information transmission. Here, the authors create Chern insulator junctions between domains with different Chern numbers in MnBi₂Te₄ to realize the basic operation of a topological circuit.

Nitric oxide delivered and released by a nanoscale carrier improves the therapeutic effectiveness of chemotherapeutics and immunotherapy by normalizing tumour vasculature.

Bi₂O₂Se is a promising 2D semiconductor with high electron mobility and native high-k dielectric layers, but its p-type doping remains challenging. Here, the authors report a low-temperature substitutional doping method to fabricate 2D Bi₂O₂Se p-n junctions and p-type transistors

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

In this Perspective, Spitale, Chang and Chu discuss recent technological advances that will aid in the functional characterization of long noncoding RNAs, which up to now has posed a substantial challenge.

In this work, Zhang, Jia, Wang et al. show that MORCs stabilize PRC2 preferentially at bivalent domains to maintain high levels of H3 K27 trimethylation and form chromatin loops for gene repression and stress tolerance, and are counteracted by ALKBH1, a DNA 6mA demethylase.