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Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant global health threat, necessitating swift and precise diagnostic solutions. Here, the authors introduce a culture-free diagnostic platform integrating microfluidic cell enrichment, single-cell Raman spectroscopy, and deep learning, that identifies bacterial and fungal infections directly from clinical samples within 20 minutes.

Long duration γ-ray bursts (GRBs) release copious amounts of energy across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, and provide a window into the process of black hole formation from the collapse of massive stars. Observations of the extraordinarily bright prompt optical and γ-ray emission of GRB 080319B shows that the prompt emission stems from a single physical region, implying an extremely relativistic outflow that propagates within the narrow inner core of a two-component jet.

A bright, long-duration gamma-ray burst observed by the Swift observatory has hybrid high-energy properties, suggesting that its origin is the merger of a compact binary.

Early emission from gamma-ray burst GRB 211211A comes entirely from charged particles accelerating in strong magnetic fields. The fast-evolving spectrum may be the key to understanding unusually long-lived GRBs from neutron star mergers.

Laboratory automation, machine learning, and metabolic engineering may be combined to quickly and efficiently build productive microbial strains. Here the authors used these techniques in P. putida to boost isoprenol titers 5-fold over six DBTL cycles while sampling a reduced design space.

In June 2022, the IXPE satellite observed a shock passing through the jet of active galaxy Markarian 421. The rotation of the X-ray-polarized radiation over a 5-day period revealed that the jet contains a helical magnetic field.

The rotation rate of comet 41P/Tuttle–Giacobini–Kresák decreased rapidly between March and May 2017, owing to gas emission from the comet aligning to produce an anomalously strong torque.

Observations of teraelectronvolt-energy γ-rays starting about one minute after the γ-ray burst GRB 190114C reveal a distinct component of the afterglow emission with power comparable to the synchrotron emission.

Observations of a luminous quasar from the high-resolution spectrometer Resolve aboard XRISM revealed highly inhomogeneous wind structure outflowing from a supermassive black hole, which probably consists of up to a million clumps.

Early experiences shape cognition. Here, authors show that early environmental enrichment or deprivation alters cognition in mice, linked to gene expression and chromatin changes in hippocampal excitatory neurons, with AP-1 as a key regulator.

Very early observations of a type Ia supernova—from within one hour of explosion—show a red colour that develops and rapidly disappears. These data provide information on the initial explosion mechanism: surface nuclear burning on the white dwarf or extreme mixing of the nuclear burning process.

Observations of optical flares from AT2022tsd (the ‘Tasmanian Devil’) show that they have durations on the timescale of minutes, occur over a period of months, are highly energetic, are probably nonthermal and have supernova luminosities.

Early-time multi-frequency radio observations of the exceptionally bright GRB 221009A show the detailed evolution of a reverse shock formed within the jet that was launched as the result of a stellar explosion.

Supernovae are usually discovered through their 'delayed' light, which becomes visible some hours after the actual event. Now Soderberg et al. report the discovery of a supernova at the time of the explosion, marked by an extremely luminous X-ray outburst.

Polarization measurements are reported for the blazar Mk501, revealing a degree of X-ray polarization that is more than twice the optical value and supporting the shock-accelerated energy-stratified electron population scenario.

The accretion disk from a star tidally disrupted by a supermassive black hole undergoes Lense–Thirring precession with strong, quasi-periodic X-ray flux and temperature modulations.

Insects are declining in many regions. Here the authors show that arthropod biomass losses in Jena Experiment and Biodiversity Exploratories time series are driven more by species loss than by species identity and abundance declines, and are mitigated by high plant diversity and low land-use intensity.

In vivo experiments and clinical cohort analyses show that hypoxia-inducible factor 2 (HIF2)-induced parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) expression contributes to cachexia in the context of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The pathway can be targeted by HIF2 inhibitors, including belzutifan, which may reduce cachexia in patients with RCC.

Observations of the supernova SN 2019hgp, identified about a day after its explosion, show that it occurred within a nebula of carbon, oxygen and neon, and was probably the explosion of a massive WC/WO star.

We report observations of GRB 231115A, positionally coincident with the starburst galaxy M82, that unambiguously qualify this burst as a giant flare from a magnetar, which is a rare explosive event releasing gamma rays.

Observations of a giant flare associated with the starburst galaxy NGC 253 suggest that the flare is probably associated with relativistic plasma in the magnetic field of a magnetar.

The tidal disruption event AT2019dsg is probably associated with a high-energy neutrino, suggesting that such events can contribute to the cosmic neutrino flux. The electromagnetic emission is explained in terms of a central engine, a photosphere and an extended synchrotron-emitting outflow.

Measurements of the wings of swifts in a wind tunnel reveal the remarkable changes of in-flight performance afforded by changing wing shape. Swifts can halve sink speed or triple turning rate by choosing the most suitable sweep. Extended wings are superior for slow glides and turns. But swept wings are superior for fast glides and turns, they allow the birds to bear the extreme accelerational loads of fast manoeuvres in the air.

NBCn1 plays an important role as a base loader allowing breast cancer cells to survive in an acidic environment. Here, Wang et al report its near atomic structure and transport cycle involving minimal structural changes associated with an exceptionally high turnover rate, enabling efficient cellular base loading and tumor survival

A long-period radio transient with coincident radio and X-ray emission and observational properties unlike any known Galactic object has been observed by the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder.

This Review outlines the fundamental role of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for children, adolescents and young adults (CAYAs) with relapsed and/or refractory B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, emphasizing the crucial need to further exploit CAR T cells and other immunotherapies to improve survival with broadened access across disease states. Opportunities and challenges for expanding CAR T cell therapy to other haematological and non-haematological malignancies in CAYAs are also discussed.

Observations of reverberation arising from gravitationally redshifted iron Kα photons reflected off the inner accretion flow in a tidal disruption event demonstrate that X-rays originate from a region very close to the central black hole and not from a relativistic jet, as previously thought.

Two very-high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (at 2,132 Hz and 4,250 Hz) are detected within the initial hard spike of a magnetar giant flare originating from the galaxy NGC 253, and detailed temporal and spectral analyses are performed.

Observations of a jet from a strongly magnetized neutron star reveal that strong magnetic fields do not prevent jet formation and suggest that stellar properties influence jet power.

Observations of the close gamma-ray burst GRB 060218 and its connection to supernova SN 2006aj reveal the break-out of a shock wave driven by a mildly relativistic shell into the dense wind surrounding the GRB progenitor. These observation catch a supernova in the act of exploding.

Observations of V404 Cygni, an X-ray transient containing a black hole of nine solar masses and a companion star, show that optical oscillations on timescales of 100 seconds to 2.5 hours can occur at mass-accretion rates at least ten times lower than previously thought, suggesting that the accretion rate is not the critical parameter for inducing inner-disk instabilities.

The rapid rise in brightness of a tidal disruption event is attributed to the destruction of a main sequence star by a black hole of intermediate mass in a dwarf galaxy. Such events are rare, and non-accreting intermediate-mass black holes are challenging to find.

The Fermi-LAT Collaboration reports a significant γ-ray detection (5.2σ) from the coronae of radio-quiet active galactic nuclei, revealing compact (~10 gravitational radii) and extended (~2.7 × 10⁶ gravitational radii) corona regions, challenging existing models.

Gamma ray bursts (GRB) are transient events releasing large amount of energy. Here, the authors show a relation between the spectral index and the flux, which allows further investigation of the origin of steep decay in GRBs.

A modelling analysis shows that an unusually long gamma-ray burst gave rise to a lanthanide-rich kilonova following the merger of a neutron star–neutron star or of a neutron star–black hole.

Using the MeerKAT radio telescope, the authors have discovered a neutron star with an ultra-long spin period of 76 s. Though it resides in the neutron star graveyard, it emits radio waves and challenges our understanding of neutron star evolution.

Small molecule machine learning aims to predict properties from molecular structures. Here, the authors introduce the myopic MCES distance and show that frequently used datasets fail to uniformly cover biomolecular structures, limiting resulting models.

Cell-surface receptors form the front line of plant immunity. Here, the authors show that the RLP co-receptors SOBIR1 and BAK1 directly phosphorylate each other, leading to activation of the immune receptor complex in which RLCKs are differentially required for production of reactive oxygen species that play a role in resistance against Phytophthora palmivora.

Cells struggle to migrate on soft substrates, which don’t provide enough traction. Here, the authors show that rapid, cyclic changes in substrate rigidity allow cells to overcome this limitation and move quickly.

Perovskite photovoltaics could benefit from insights gained through the longer history of other photovoltaic technologies. In this Perspective, Bermudez and colleagues examine how lessons from the successes and failures of copper indium gallium selenide solar cells can guide future progress.

A very uncommon detached binary system with a 20.5-min orbital period has been discovered to harbour a carbon–oxygen white dwarf star and a low-mass subdwarf B star with a seven-Earth radius that traces the theoretical limit of binary evolution predicted 20 years ago.

Radiation pressure on dusty gas is the main physical mechanism that regulates the distribution of the circumnuclear material that obscures many supermassive black holes.

In this prespecified exploratory biomarker analysis of the placebo-controlled CheckMate 274 trial, a composite model of adaptive immunity biomarkers and clinical parameters was identified and shown to predict benefit from nivolumab treatment in patients with muscle-invasive urothelial cancer.