Search

Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

Selecting appropriate treatment for breast cancer is guided by molecular subtypes and clinical characteristics. Here, the authors show that their AI-based approach, which integrates digital pathology images and clinical data, demonstrates robust accuracy in predicting the risk of cancer recurrence across major molecular breast cancer subtypes, including triple negative breast cancer.

Programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) has been implicated in thymic regulation of T cell development and function. Here, the authors characterize CD8⁺ T cell development in PD-1–deficient mice and show that PD-1 constrains the emergence of an effector-like program during thymic development, thereby shaping peripheral T cell responses and exhaustion in tumours.

MOSAIC is a versatile multimodal microscope that allows seamless transition between various light-sheet, two-photon, label-free and super-resolution modalities. It is demonstrated in various systems ranging from cell culture to mice.

Spatial transcriptomics platforms span multicellular to subcellular resolutions but lack methods to reconstruct single-cell transcriptomes across them. Here, the authors introduce STARS, a unified deep learning framework that integrates histology and transcriptomics to infer single-cell gene expression across resolutions.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

This study found COVID-19 vaccination offers added protection against reinfection in children and adolescents with prior infection but variable effectiveness across variants. Findings support vaccination benefits beyond infection-acquired immunity.

Identification of a binder of interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) enabled development of a selective degrader, dIRF4-2, that exhibited strong cytotoxicity in multiple myeloma cell lines, offering an effective strategy to target transcription factors.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

A Hemostatic Tough Adhesive (HTA) is developed and evaluated, achieving hemostasis in both liver and spleen injuries within an in vivo preclinical porcine model.

Native top-down proteomics reveals epidermal growth factor receptor–estrogen receptor-alpha (EGFR–ER) signaling crosstalk in breast cancer cells and dissociation of nuclear transport factor 2 (NUTF2) dimers to modulate ER signaling and cell growth.

An annular carbon-nanotube nanosensor array integrated onto a medical-grade catheter enables near-infrared, in situ spatial mapping of bladder cancer-associated protein biomarker release in the bladder with 182-fold higher sensitivity than urine sampling.

Jena, Qu et al. show that mannadjuvant, a formulation of fungal mannan and aluminum hydroxide, increases the magnitude, durability and breadth of the response elicited by mRNA-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants in mice and non-human primates.

Converting plastic waste into jet fuel could support aviation decarbonization, but current approaches are limited by high-pressure requirements and low efficiency. Here the authors present a tandem hydropyrolysis and vapour-phase hydrogenation strategy that uses a Ru/Co-Al oxide catalyst, achieving promising rates and yields at low pressures.

Higher-order interactions are shown to contribute to the decrease in species diversity from low to high latitudes in global forests, potentially explaining why this intricate phenomenon cannot be adequately explained by pairwise interactions alone.

A drawing-like task designed to study compositional generalization identifies a specific neural population in the ventral premotor cortex in primates that encodes action symbols.

A study examines the effects of mutations that occur naturally in T cell cancers, reporting that such mutations can potentially be exploited to increase the potency of T cell therapies.

Deep learning-based codesign enables ultrasparse, low-cost optoacoustic systems that deliver high-fidelity, ultrafast volumetric imaging in a compact, translational form.

National parochialism is the tendency to cooperate more with people of the same nation. In a 42-nations study, the authors show that national parochialism is a pervasive phenomenon, present to a similar degree across all the studied nations, and occurs both when decisions are private or public.

Bioactivity-guided isolation of specialized metabolites is an iterative process. Here, the authors demonstrate a native metabolomics approach that allows for fast screening of complex metabolite extracts against a protein of interest and simultaneous structure annotation.

A large-scale study on the replicability of claims from social and behavioural science journals reports that about half of the results replicate in the same patterns as the original study.

DNA-sequencing data from primary tumours and paired metastases from participants in the TRACERx lung study and PEACE autopsy programme are used to analyse the metastatic diversity of advanced non-small cell lung cancer and the seeding patterns that underpin it.

Bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes are established bioisosteres for phenyl rings, yet the access to single enantiomers remains challenging. Here an enantioselective copper-catalysed protoborylation is reported, enabling the synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (1,3-BCHs) via desymmetrization of bicyclo[2.1.1]hex-2-enes. The suitability of 1,3-BCHs as meta-benzene bioisosteres is evaluated through their incorporation into drug molecules and the assessment of their bioactivity.

Robustness checks and reproduction of analyses with existing and updated data based on 110 articles in economics and political science journals with data and code-sharing requirements found high levels of robustness and reproducibility and determined that robustness was not dependent on author characteristics or data availability.

The effects of global biodiversity loss on local plant communities have been equivocal. Across 57,398 European time series, covering > 100 years, local plant diversity gains are often associated with rises in generalist and non-native plants.

The genomewide meta-analysis of lumbar spinal stenosis LSS identifies 73 previously unreported loci in addition to 15 known loci and highlights spinal degeneration as a key pathogenic mechanism. Overall, the findings expand knowledge of the genetic background of LSS.

GLP-1–GIP–lanifibranor, a single-molecule agonist of GLP-1R, GIPR, PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ, shows promising therapeutic efficacy against obesity-linked metabolic dysfunction in vitro and in mouse models via synergistic incretin and PPAR activity.

RNA velocity is a widely used method to predict the fate of single cells. Here the authors show that the concept can be adapted to predict the fate of individual human subjects, using RNA velocity of whole blood at a single point in time to predict future clinical outcomes and treatment responses.

Genomic data from snow carps reveal that the fusion of chromosomes initiates rediploidization following whole-genome duplication.

In this Resource paper, Krummel and colleagues provide analysis of 15 commonly used syngeneic mouse tumor models and compare these to the diversity of human tumor microenvironments.

The authors resolve 63 structurally diverse haplotype structures for the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome region. Deletion risk differs depending on structure; individuals of African ancestry are enriched for inverted repeats that predispose to inversion.

Androgen activity in the male embryonic hindbrain prolongs hindbrain differentiation in male individuals and drives sex differences in the incidence and prognosis of posterior fossa type A (PFA) ependymoma, an aggressive childhood brain tumour.

The study identifies novel genetic variants linked to core cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer’s Disease biomarkers using a genome-wide analysis, showing how endophenotypes can identify genes and disease mechanisms not captured by case-control studies.

MoCox6 is an inner mitochondrial membrane regulator of mitophagy in Magnaporthe oryzae, and targeting it with a small molecule, Pan-RAS-IN-1, suppresses fungal virulence and reduces rice blast disease.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

cellSTAAR advances noncoding rare variant association analysis by integrating single-cell genomics data.

The Neuroimaging Foundation Model with Spatial–Temporal Optimized and Representation Modelling (NeuroSTORM) learns generalizable representations from 4D functional MRI volumes, enabling accurate performance on diverse tasks such as diagnosis and state classification.

A study of reproducibility in a stratified random sample of 600 papers published from 2009 to 2018 in 62 journals spanning the social and behavioural sciences finds higher reproducibility among more recent papers and papers from journals that require data sharing.

Two distinct types of atomic insulator can be distinguished by the distribution of charges within the unit cell. Now, real-space imaging of WSe₂ shows that it is a so-called obstructed insulator.

The mechanisms driving reversible dedifferentiation events towards a drug-tolerant persister (DTP) state remain to be explored. Here, multi-omics, information-theoretic approaches and dynamic systems modelling highlight the role of the oxidative-stress–mediated NF-κB/RelA axis in driving the transition towards DTP across multiple cancer types.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

DNA damage burden and inadequate repair in CUX2⁺ cortical layer 2/3 excitatory neurons contributes to selective vulnerability in neuroinflammatory injury.

MultiSTAAR provides a general and flexible statistical framework for functionally informed multi-trait rare variant analysis of biobank-scale sequencing studies by jointly analyzing multiple traits and incorporating annotation information.

Reducing China’s CO₂ emissions is crucial to achieving global carbon neutrality. This Perspective synthesizes bottom-up and top-down estimates to develop a regional CO₂ budget for China and evaluate pathways and uncertainties towards net zero.

The lowest-frequency gravitational wave background may be shaped by supermassive black hole binaries that scatter nearby stars or dark matter. In this case, the NANOGrav 15-year dataset favours dense galactic centres with 10⁶ solar masses per cubic parsec.