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This multicenter study demonstrates use of dried and capillary blood as a minimally invasive, scalable approach for Alzheimer’s biomarker testing in research, with potential as a widely scalable population-based research approach, especially in resource-limited settings.

CD123 expression on leukemic stem and progenitor cells (LSPCs) and leukemic blasts representing a promising therapeutic target. However previous CD123-targeting approaches had limited efficacy and safety concerns. The authors here evaluate the bispecific CD123/CD16A innate cell engager AFM28 and manifest its efficacy both in vitro and in vivo, which is mediated by NK cells.

Employing a candidate gene approach, Mancina et al. identify a genetic variant of the Pleckstrin and Sec7 domain-containing 3 (PSD3) gene that reduces susceptibility to fatty liver disease. Functional studies in vitro and in vivo demonstrate that targeting PSD3 protects against fatty liver disease.

The relative importance of close-proximity interactions, shared space and air quality to the transmission of respiratory viruses is not well understood. Here, the authors investigate this question by collecting longitudinal molecular, physical proximity and environmental data in a school in Switzerland.

deepmriprep leverages neural networks to enable voxel-based morphometry preprocessing of MRI data that is 37× faster than existing methods while achieving comparable accuracy in segmentation, registration and final statistical maps across large datasets.

The US COVID-19 Scenario Modeling Hub produced medium to long term projections based on different epidemic scenarios. In this study, the authors evaluate 14 rounds of projections by comparing them to the epidemic trajectories that occurred, and discuss lessons learned for future similar projects.

Here, the authors examine the mechanisms behind cheatgrass’s successful invasion of North American ecosystems. Their genetic analyses and common garden experiments demonstrate that multiple introductions and migrations facilitated cheatgrass local adaptation.

When monkeys are infected with a virus similar to HIV, treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART), and are administered a ‘combo therapy’ made of antibodies against molecules that inhibit immune responses, they control viral rebound when ART is discontinued for more than 6 months

The developmental dynamics of distinct cell types across brain regions remain poorly understood. Here authors generate DevAtlas, a high-resolution developmental 3D atlas, mapping region and cell type-specific growth in GABAergic cells and microglia in early postnatal mouse brains.

The COVID-19 vaccine rollout saw large global disparities in the introduction, scale-up, and evaluation of immunisation programmes. Here, the authors systematically quantify these disparities through linkage of public data sources.

Meng et al. develop the adeno-associated virus 9-based therapy CM-YAP^on to transiently and inducibly express YAP in the heart. In mice, CM-YAP^on promoted cardiomyocyte cell cycle reentry and reprogrammed the cardiac microenvironment. The CM-YAP^on gene therapy improved cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI) and conferred cardioprotection before MI.

Improved vaccines and antivirals are needed for many enveloped viruses. Here, the authors identify sulfur-based small molecules that disrupt viral membrane properties, inhibiting fusion and entry, and safely inactivate influenza virus. The resulting inactivated influenza vaccine is protective in mice.

The dietary fibre inulin is shown to promote fructose catabolism by the small intestinal microbiome, thereby mitigating fructose-induced hepatic lipogenesis and steatosis.

Kallies and colleagues examine the role of the chromatin regulator SATB1 in CD8⁺ T cell differentiation during viral infection and cancer. They show that SATB1 is a negative regulator of exhausted CD8⁺ T cell expansion and effector differentiation.

A study shows that clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential is associated with an increased risk of chronic liver disease specifically through the promotion of liver inflammation and injury.

The pathogen Staphylococcus aureus can invade and replicate within human cells. Here, Rodrigues Lopes et al. use an image-based screening approach to identify S. aureus factors important for invasion, intracellular replication, persistence, and host toxicity in non-professional phagocytic cells.

Dietary protein restriction in healthy, lean men elicits an increased energy intake to maintain body weight, which is driven, at least in part, by FGF21-mediated alterations to adipose tissue mitochondria.

Profiling host RNA shed in feces reveals disease states in the gut.

Secretory autophagy (SA) plays a crucial role in neuroinflammation-driven neurodegeneration, through SKA2 and FKBP5. SKA2 regulation of SA can inhibit IL-1β release. Its dysfunction leads to neurodegeneration, and is linked to Alzheimer’s disease.

Glacier surges are rapid ice flow acceleration and mass transport events, which can threaten nearby communities, infrastructure and habitats. This Review discusses the global distribution, behaviour and associated hazards of glaciers that are prone to surging and how these are being affected by climate change.

In this work, the authors study the immunological and virological effects of administering either wild-type anti-HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) or bNAbs with a mutation that increases binding to Fc-gamma receptors (FcγRs) to rhesus macaques in the acute phase of SHIV_AD8-EO infection.

Here the authors reveal how an incoherent feedforward C/EBPα–Notch circuit times lung cell fate, guiding alveolar development, repair after injury, and shifts between protective and reparative states.

Pulmonary type 2 inflammation is associated with type 2 innate lymphoid cells. Here the authors use the Collaborative Cross mouse panel to show that ILC2 abundance during type 2 lung inflammation is different across the panel and identify free-fatty acid receptor 3 (Ffar3) as a gene responsible and show cytokine and ILC2 functional changes.

Despite often being poorly immunogenic, some subsets of patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative (HR + /HER2-) breast cancer benefit from immunotherapy. Here, the authors present a randomised pilot clinical trial comparing a neoadjuvant run-in of either nab-paclitaxel or pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1) monotherapy, followed by the combination, in patients with stage II-III HR + /HER2- breast cancer.

A flexible micro-electrocorticography brain–computer interface that integrates a 256 × 256 array of electrodes, signal processing, data telemetry and wireless powering on a single complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor substrate can provide stable, chronic in vivo recordings.

Graph neural networks built on physically motivated representations enable gradient-based optimization of complex upconverting nanoparticle heterostructures, revealing photophysical design rules and a roadmap for deep learning in nanoscience.

During SARS-CoV-2 infection caspase-8 fuels harmful inflammation independent of apoptosis. Genetic loss of caspase-8 reduces cytokine levels, lowers viral load and mitigates disease severity, revealing non-apoptotic caspase-8 as a key driver of severe COVID-19.

Tumour-reactive CD8⁺ T cells are enriched in functional clusters with tumour cells and/or antigen-presenting cells and can be isolated and expanded from clinical samples.

The consequences of postprandial IL-1β surges in white adipose tissue are unknown. Here the authors show IL-1β regulates WAT remodelling by promoting adipogenesis and energy storage, which is blocked by chronic elevation of this cytokine (as in obesity).

Doan et al. show that loss of cardiac NAD⁺ is sufficient to drive metabolic derangements, hypertrophic remodeling and lethal arrhythmias in adult mouse hearts, despite maintenance of ejection fraction and bioenergetics.

A randomized field study in rural western Kenya, a region most vulnerable to the health impacts of climate change, found that modifying houses with cool-roofs and vector proofing most effectively reduced indoor heat, improved thermal comfort and lowered malaria mosquito density.

ADP-heptose binds to ALPK1, triggering transcriptional reprogramming and NF-κB activation, endowing pre-leukaemic cells with a competitive advantage due to excessive clonal proliferation.

Heller et al. showed dense longitudinal imaging in four females, including one with endometriosis and one using oral contraceptives, and the finding that different hormonal milieus influence widespread brain volume changes linked to progesterone or estradiol.

Synapse dysfunction contributes to cognitive decline with age. Here, the authors show that aging-related changes in microglia and the extracellular matrix are associated with synapse abundance, extracellular matrix buildup, and cognitive deficits in aging mice.

Total cell cycle duration is a key hallmark of cancer initiation, and determines whether defects in apoptosis, senescence, immune surveillance, angiogenesis, DNA repair, polarity and proliferation lead to cancer development.

Wastewater surveillance can help in pandemic or outbreak response. Here, the authors report an unsupervised learning approach to detect emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants from rural and urban wastewater showing it achieves earlier detection than existing methods and detects new variants without clinical testing data.

Human leucocyte antigens are important in the adaptive immune response. Here, the authors use data from the UK Biobank linked to electronic health records to investigate the association between genetic variation in HLA alleles and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and breakthrough COVID-19 outcomes.

Scaffold-guided bone regeneration is a promising treatment strategy for segmental defects, but clinical translation has been hindered, partially by mechanical function limitations. Here, Clark et al. describes a permanent printed polymer with a resorbable stem cell laden ceramic core for reconstructing segmental mandibular defects, which is tested in an ovine model.

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a widespread herpesvirus linked to cancer and autoimmune disease. The authors in this work design and characterize a stabilized prefusion form of gB, an essential viral fusion protein, advancing EBV vaccine and therapeutic development.

Engineered Mycobacterium bovis BCG encoding tetracycline-controlled phage lysin kill switches elicits protective immunity against subsequent M. tuberculosis infection in mice and non-human primates.

Human cortical development involves dynamic changes in matrisome gene expression across cell types and developmental stages. Here, authors show that these changes reveal links to neurodevelopmental disorders and provide insights into brain formation and diseases.

Locksley and colleagues describe a nutrient-sensing circuit in the small intestine. Upon feeding, TSLP production from fibroblasts is increased in a GLP-2-dependent manner, resulting in increased ILC2 activation and tuft cell hyperplasia, thus linking food intake with ILC2 activation.

Rudalska et al. describe a novel class of p38α inhibitors with increased target residence time. They explore the drugs’ specificity, pharmacokinetics and toxicity profile and show that they are efficacious in the context of colorectal cancer.

Challenges in mapping modern molecular and anatomical datasets into a common atlas are not fully addressed. Here authors present approaches to aligning multimodal neuroimaging data and quantifying geometric variability. Authors also make sure open-source code, dataset standards, and a web interface are available, enabling large scale integration of datasets essential to modern neuroscience.