Search

The ALICE Collaboration provides details on the microscopic mechanism that ends up creating antideuteron in high-energy proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Approximately two-thirds of small, indeterminate lesions of the testes might be benign and not require radical orchidectomy. Management strategies are evolving to include vigilant active surveillance and excisional biopsy of the lesion with further management guided by histological outcome.

Glucocorticoids prescribed to limit inflammation, have significant adverse effects. Here the authors show that co-administration of AZD4017 with prednisolone in men is a potential strategy to limit adverse glucocorticoid effects.

Understanding the shock response of silicate glasses is essential for explaining phenomena like planetary interior formation, core-mantle boundary dynamics, and for designing high-performance materials. Here, the authors use time-resolved X-ray diffraction and laser-driven shock compression to reveal how network structure and composition govern phase transitions, densification, and melting for advancing geoscience and materials under extreme conditions.

The most up-to-date combination of results on the properties of the Higgs boson is reported, which indicate that its properties are consistent with the standard model predictions, within the precision achieved to date.

The CMS Collaboration reports evidence for off-shell Higgs boson contributions in the production of Z boson pairs, and measures the width of the Higgs boson, which is inversely related to its lifetime.

The CMS Collaboration reports the study of three simultaneous hard interactions between quarks and gluons in proton–proton collisions. This manifests through the concurrent production of three J/ψ mesons, which consist of a charm-quark–antiquark pair.

Space charge influences significantly the energy storage and insulation of dielectric materials, yet its distribution in micron-scale films remains poorly understood due to measurement limitations. Here, the authors utilize picosecond laser induced pressure-wave propagation technology to achieve high-resolution mapping, revealing insights into charge distribution and guiding the development of robust dielectrics for diverse applications.

Measurements of the inelastic cross section of anti-³He allow the estimation of the transparency of the Milky Way to the propagation of these light antinuclei produced in either cosmic-ray collisions or annihilation of dark-matter particles.

The complex interplay between magnetism and electronic band structure is pivotal in condensed matter physics, with CeSb devil’s staircase antiferromagnetic transition offering a unique exploration opportunity. Here, the authors use ARPES measurements and DFT calculations to reveal an unconventional band splitting arising from the intricate modulation of paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic layers, advancing our understanding of correlated electron systems.

Weyl fermions are chiral massless fermions with interesting exotic properties. Here, chlorine doping of Co₃Sn₂S₂ single crystals is found to shift the Fermi energy towards the Weyl points, enhancing its Weyl semimetal signatures such as a ninefold increase in magnetoresistance and a significantly larger anomalous Hall conductivity.

Infinite-layer nickelates are of interest for exploration of unconventional superconductivity. Here, grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction of PrNiO_2+x reveals an unusual in-plane period-six and out-of-plane period-four symmetry upon in-situ annealing, indicating a giant unit-cell superstructure.

Bipolar resistive switching in memristive devices is crucial for advancing non-volatile memory technologies, yet optimizing performance remains challenging. Here, the authors engineer mixed orthorhombic and hexagonal ErMnO₃ polymorph films, achieving high OFF/ON resistance ratios and reduced operating voltages, with implications for efficient, low-power memory applications.

It is still under debate whether unconventional superconductors can still be described in terms of Bogoliubov quasiparticles in the superconducting state. Here, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements on FeSe/SrTiO₃ films reveal particle-hole mixed Bogoliubov quasiparticles, despite the likely unconventional pairing mechanism.

Materials that combine magnetic order and charge localization are interesting for the prospect of realizing spontaneous polarization from magnetic and charge order. Here, YNiO₃ is shown to have a spiral magnetic structure, with domains of spin-rotations consistent with an electric polarization, which can be reversed by an external electric field.

Male hypogonadism is a disorder associated with low testosterone levels and impaired spermatogenesis. The condition can arise from inherent defects in the testes or abnormalities in the regulation of testosterone secretion at the hypothalamic or pituitary level. This Primer summarizes the conditions that can lead to hypogonadism in boys and men.

Efficient hydrogen liquefaction requires magnetocaloric materials with robust magnetic-entropy and adiabatic temperature changes across a broad temperature range. Here, the authors demonstrate that two Gd-Si-Ge compounds exhibit highly reversible magnetocaloric effects, suggesting their potential for hydrogen liquefaction at moderate magnetic fields.

The altermagnet candidate RuO₂ has sparked recent debate in the scientific community regarding its magnetic ground state and the existence of a crystal Hall effect. Here, the authors synthesize high-quality RuO₂ crystals and provide comprehensive measurements to reveal that its magneto-transport properties obey scaling law and align with a non-magnetic semimetal model, challenging the notion of RuO₂ as an altermagnet and refining our understanding of its electronic structure.

Understanding the emergence of renormalized quasiparticles in strongly correlated electron materials remains a significant challenge. Here, the authors use angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, supported by theoretical calculations, to provide experimental indication of distinct successive spin and orbital screening mechanisms in RbFe₂As₂, clarifying their role in the transition from a bad metal to a correlated Fermi liquid.

Excitonics provides a promising way to manipulate light-matter interactions for advanced optical applications, yet controlling core-exciton dynamics in the X-ray regime is challenging. Here, the authors combine experiments with an ab initio approach developed specifically for modelling pump-probe excitations, revealing how photoexcited carrier distributions can be used to control core-exciton resonances at absorption edges.

Topological magnon bands in magnetic skyrmion lattices offer robust, unidirectional edge transport, crucial for advancing magnonic circuits and quantum transport studies. Here, Brillouin light scattering microscopy is used to detect intermediate wavelength magnons in Cu₂OSeO₃, revealing multipole excitation modes with inactive dipole character, including a novel quadrupole mode and, possibly, a sextupole mode, enhancing GHz frequency magnonic device design.

High-pressure studies of chalcogen hydrides reveal complex phase behaviors, challenging existing assumptions about their stability and composition. Here, the authors discover a novel compound, SeH₂(H₂)₂, at pressures above 94 GPa, characterized by a unique tetragonal structure, highlighting the intricate nature of high-pressure chemistry and its implications for material science.

Nitride materials, prized for their stability and unique properties, face challenges in achieving high-quality single-crystal thin films for microelectronics and spintronics. Here, the authors present an innovative metallic alloy nitridation technique, producing stable single-crystal nitride films with robust antiferromagnetic properties, paving the way for advanced device applications.

Topological insulator nanowires are interesting because, in the presence of superconductivity, they may host elusive Majorana fermions. Here, superconductivity in (Bi_1−xSb_x)₂Te₃ topological-insulator nanowires is realized by using palladium diffusion, providing a tunable platform for Majorana zero modes.

Achieving photodetectors with a wide spectral range and rapid response remains challenging. Here, Sb₂Te₃ nanosheets are used to construct a photodetector that covers visible to millimeter wavelengths, with a fast response time of 900 ns.

The chemical and electronic properties of quasi-periodic and nonperiodic crystalline surfaces are expected to differ from surfaces with conventional Bravais lattices. Here, nonperiodic tiling is seen on the surface of delafossite PdCrO₂; induced by hydrogen adsorption, its formation leads to modifications to the electronic structure.

Lead telluride is an important thermoelectric material but its metal-to-semiconductor transition above 230 °C is not fully understood. Here, atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy provides structural insights into this transition, explaining the metallic behavior by a dislocation network within the rock salt structure.

Disorder emerges as a hidden tuning parameter in hole-doped iron-based superconductors, influencing phase transitions and magnetic properties. Here, the authors use neutron and x-ray diffraction to reveal a universal phase diagram, highlighting the role of atomic disorder in stabilizing magnetic phases and offering insights into the interplay of structural and magnetic parameters.

Ruthenium oxide has attracted recent interest as a non-superconducting material where superconductivity can be induced by epitaxial strain. Here, the authors explore strained (100)-oriented RuO₂ films on TiO₂(100) substrate and reveal strain-induced superconductivity similarly to strained RuO₂(110) films, providing insights into the thickness-dependence and electronic structure mechanisms of superconductivity.

In glass formation, the dynamics of extended structures beyond atomic short-range order is yet to be understood. Here, persistent homology, combined with machine learning, reveals superstructures made of 3-to-9 prism-type atomic clusters which undergo drastic changes according to the glass cooling rate.

Understanding electronic stopping in self-irradiated silicon is crucial for advancing semiconductor technology in radiation-intensive environments. Here, the authors develop a path-dependent model using real-time time-dependent density-functional theory calculations, revealing a linear relationship between electronic stopping and mean electron density, which accurately predicts energy losses across various trajectories, enhancing predictive capabilities in irradiation scenarios.

Magnetic topological materials exhibit intertwined band topology, magnetic order, and anomalous transport, leading to unique phenomena. Here, the authors study the ferromagnetic Weyl semimetal PrAlSi, revealing negligible magnetic order effects on Weyl fermions but significant temperature-dependent Hall effects, including a giant anomalous Hall angle, suggesting potential for high-performance anomalous Hall sensors and spin-transfer torque applications.

Understanding the mechanism of supercooling suppression by crystallization seeds is important for designing semiclathrate hydrates for latent heat storage materials. Here, we show that 10-30 nm cluster formation around silver nanoparticles promotes crystallization of supercooled aqueous solutions.

The comet assay is commonly used to assess DNA damage. This collection of consensus protocols includes adaptations for a wide range of species and sample types, assay formats and detection of different types of DNA lesions.

Establishing a theoretical understanding of chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) in molecular systems, bridging the gap between models and experimental observations, remains challenging. Here, the authors employ ab initio methods to develop a multi-orbital Hubbard model for photoinduced electron transfer, revealing that electron-vibration coupling significantly influences spin polarization, offering insights into the CISS mechanism’s underlying dynamics.

The square-kagome lattice, a variant of the magnetically frustrated kagome lattice, has been recently proposed as a platform for emergent many-body phenomena such as spin liquids. Here, a theoretical study on nabokoite establishes the relevant Hamiltonian for this compound and explains its intricate magnetic behavior, providing predictions for neutron scattering experiments.

The integration of multiple functionalities, such as neuromorphic computing, photodetection and imaging, within a single optoelectronic device is challenging due to the trade-off between the transient photoresponse speeds of artificial synapses and photodetectors. Here, a multifunctional monolithic nano-device based on the heterojunction between a single (Al,Ga)N nanowire and graphene is proposed, providing a dual-mode operation that integrates photodetection and neuromorphic visual sensing.

Controlling the motion and pinning of vortices is essential for developing superconducting electronics. Here, the authors reveal the vortex pinning nano-network in thin superconducting niobium films by developing a scanning quantum vortex microscopy approach.

Laser ablation is a phenomenon where the fundamental research directly intersects with practical relevance for industrial applications, yet probing the highly nonequilibrium phase decomposition triggered by laser excitation is still a challenge. This study provides unique insights into the dynamics of nanoscale phase decomposition in laser ablation of thin gold films by combining time-resolved femtosecond X-ray probing with large-scale atomistic modeling.

Transition metal nitride hydrides are promising candidates for low-pressure superconductors, yet remain underexplored. Here, the authors investigate the Zr-N-H system under 100–150 GPa, discovering stable high-pressure phases with superconducting transition temperatures up to 40 K, offering insights into hydrogen’s role and advancing the search for novel superconducting materials.

Cu₂OSeO₃ is a chiral magnet with a rich phase diagram, but how dopants affect its magnetism remains unclear. In Cu₂OSe_1-xTe_xO₃, the critical behaviour is examined through the Heatmap-Modified Iteration Method, while neutron scattering and magnetometry reveal skyrmion region expansion and reduced critical temperature and field with doping.

The incommensurate spin density wave of chromium is a classic example of itinerant antiferromagnetism induced by Fermi surface nesting. Here, the competing structural, electronic and magnetic orders in chromium are investigated by a joint soft-X-ray angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory study of its band structure.

Non-volatile memristor-based memories with resistive switching materials are promising for next-generation data storage and neuromorphic technologies. Here, the importance of precise tuning of TiN_x bottom electrodes in HfO₂-based memristive devices is demonstrated.

Stacking of strongly correlated 2D materials is a promising route to realize exotic phases such as chiral superconductivity. Here, angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements on a tantalum dichalcogenide polytype with alternately stacked layers reveal a finely structured Fermi surface arising from band hybridization with charge density wave star clusters.