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Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder by MECP2 mutations, with disease severity varying by mutation type. Here, authors show patient-derived cortical organoids exhibit mutation-specific network deficits with multi-photon functional imaging and NeuronChat analysis.

Modulating synaptic connections remains challenging. Here, the authors show that SynTrogo (Synthetic Trogocytos) is a synthetic astrocyte-neuron interaction system, and reduces synaptic connectivity, which is associated with enhanced plasticity and improved memory.

Native top-down proteomics reveals epidermal growth factor receptor–estrogen receptor-alpha (EGFR–ER) signaling crosstalk in breast cancer cells and dissociation of nuclear transport factor 2 (NUTF2) dimers to modulate ER signaling and cell growth.

Three-body low-energy s-wave states play an important role in few-body physics and associated universal phenomena, yet their experimental observation in nuclear system has been elusive. Here, the authors identify the three-body s-wave properties in neutron-rich ¹⁰He nuclei with improved statistics and sensitivities.

In this study, the authors present optimization and efficacy testing of apolipoprotein-based lipid nanoparticles for delivering various nucleic acid therapeutics in vivo to immune cells and their progenitors in the bone marrow.

Developing noble-metal-free electrocatalysts for acidic water electrolysis is vital for hydrogen production. The authors design a Cr and Nd co-doped Co3O4 anode catalyst with enhanced activity and durability and introduce an in-situ acid circulation strategy to mitigate membrane poisoning.

Combining magnetic materials with superconductors in heterostructures is a promising pathway for realizing topological superconductivity. Here, Zahner et al show that the boundary formed between monolayer and bilayer manganese deposited on top of superconducting Tantalum can host spin polarized edge modes, the result of different topological superconducting phases of the monolayer and bilayer regions.

Quantum simulation of equilibrium many-body systems requires the ability to sample from the thermal distribution of quantum states. An algorithm has now been proven to be an appropriate quantum analogue to classical Monte Carlo methods.

The isomeric state of thorium-229, a candidate for nuclear clocks, can decay through internal conversion and radiative decays. Now experiments suggest indirect evidence for a higher-order decay process through an electronic transition.

The Scalesia plant radiation displays striking leaf-shape variation within Galápagos microclimates. Genome-wide analyses shows that lobed leaves evolved repeatedly through diversifying selection on diverse developmental regulators.

Hybrid antiferroelectric–ferroelectric domains and domain walls in K₃[Nb₃O₆(BO₃)₂] are reported, enabled by noncollinear ordering of electric dipole moment.

A new cerebrospinal fluid biomarker, AcTau174, was elevated in frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TAR DNA-binding protein (FTLD-TDP), distinguishing this pathology from FTLD-Tau, and was associated with disease severity and progression in FTLD-TDP.

In this work, authors show that alpibectir boosts ethionamide efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis by enhancing its bioactivation and also shows intrinsic activity. The ethionamide-alpibectir combination (AlpE) is bactericidal in mice and active against drug-resistant strains.

It is unclear whether the superconducting pairing in moiré graphene is driven primarily by electronic interactions. Now, by tuning the electrostatic environment, the authors show that these interactions may play a crucial role in both mediating the pairing and screening it.

Light orchestrates cotyledon greening and growth, but the molecular link between chloroplast development and the cell cycle was unknown. Wang et al. identify RDE, a DNA-shaping protein that synchronizes these two processes in Arabidopsis.

Given rising diabetes prevalence globally, access to diabetes treatments is gaining urgency. Here, the authors show patterns of glucose-lowering medication use for diabetes across 62 low- and middle-income countries.

In situ microscopic single-particle imaging demonstrates the significance of rationally engineered metal–support interfaces for activating the oxygen in bulk catalyst, helping elucidate reaction pathways in catalytic conversions.

How the brain supports speaking and listening during conversation of its natural form remains poorly understood. Here, by combining intracranial EEG recordings with Natural Language Processing, the authors show broadly distributed frontotemporal neural signals that encode context-dependent linguistic information during both speaking and listening..

Exposome analyses across 34 countries showed that social exposures were associated with faster functional brain aging and physical exposures with faster structural brain aging.

Exploiting the differences between quantum and classical physics typically requires nonlinear devices. Quantum nonlinear effects have now been demonstrated in a nanomechanical resonator due to strong coupling with an intrinsic two-level defect.

Deletion of one allele of Rps19 or Rpl5 highlights how ribosomal proteins control fetal hematopoiesis. Imbalanced ribosomal protein stoichiometry disrupts developmental programs leading to pediatric disorders known as ribosomopathies.

Current implementations of trapped atom interferometers are limited by the detrimental role of atomic interactions and trapping potential imperfections. To address these challenges, the authors develop a Mach-Zender atom interferometer by means of a double-well potential array, enabling trapped-atom-based gradiometry.

Transmission of Plasmodium falciparum relies on the development of gametocytes, which undergo extensive cellular remodelling. Here, the authors demonstrate that the PfGID E3 ubiquitin ligase complex affects gametocyte development by regulating key proteins, producing defective cells that cannot infect mosquitoes.

Microbiome analysis suggests that gut microbial changes in Parkinson’s disease evolve progressively from healthy individuals to genetically at-risk individuals to clinically affected patients, with the degree of dysbiosis correlating with disease progression.

Here, the authors identify geranylgeranoic acid (GGA), a polyunsaturated fatty acid with anti-adhesive activity against clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and efficacy against skin and soft tissue infections in mice.

A large-scale study on the replicability of claims from social and behavioural science journals reports that about half of the results replicate in the same patterns as the original study.

Native state proteomics of PV interneurons revealed unique molecular features of high translational and metabolic activity, and enrichment of Alzheimer’s risk genes. Early amyloid pathology exerted unique effects on mitochondria, mTOR signaling and neurotransmission in PV neurons.

BRCA2 mutations are well known to increase cancer risk, however, the significance of many variants remains unknown. Here, the authors combine data from two saturation genome editing studies to classify a total of 5926 variants as pathogenic or benign.

Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, but can also be used as a source for advanced carbon materials. This work shows a sustainable approach to produce high-value carbon fibres through methane pyrolysis.

Myopathy caused by BAG3 mutation disrupts muscle protein homeostasis and leads to severe muscle weakness. In mouse models, the authors demonstrate that impaired autophagy drives the pathology, while gene therapy targeting the mutated BAG3 improves muscle function.

Oversimplified synthetic wastewater misjudges fouling drivers and distorts economics. This study reveals that organic synergies counterintuitively mitigate membrane fouling, advocating for compositional fidelity to bridge lab-industry gaps.

Phylogeographic analysis and ecological niche modelling identify environmental factors associated with dispersal events, range expansion and local circulation risk of Oropouche virus in people in Brazil.

Using inbred medaka strains, the authors mapped 59 genetic loci linked to heart rate. Gene editing validated conserved genes affecting heart rate and morphology, highlighting the power of isogenic strains in uncovering mechanisms of cardiac traits and disease.

The two species of African elephants are facing severe declines. Here, authors assess their continent-wide genomic diversity, identifying differences in their evolutionary histories and highlighting the formative role of gene flow.

For individuals with APOL1 high-risk genotypes, which are enriched in individuals of African ancestry, a nine-protein proteomic risk score enables early prediction of kidney disease progression and may, thereby, enable early intervention.

During vectorial protein translation, native interactions are temporarily unsatisfied. Here, authors introduce “Native Fold Delay”, integrating protein topology with translation kinetics to quantify the resulting delays in co-translational folding which may result in protein aggregation.

In vivo adenine base editing corrects a common Pex1 pathogenic allele in mouse models of Zellweger spectrum disorder, rescuing liver pathology, fatty acid levels, body weight and peroxisome function.

This Commission aims to resolve the current dialysis policy challenges in Thailand and generate lessons for the global kidney community by drawing on empirical evidence, systems thinking and multidisciplinary expertise to generate policy goals and recommendations.

Investigating how aging predisposes individuals to a higher metastatic risk, the authors identify that extracellular vesicles secreted by senescent hepatocytes carry miRNAs that enhance metastatic potential in tumor-bearing aged mice, with relevance for older adults with cancer.

A dispersive sensing technique, termed the radiofrequency electron cascade, can perform singlet-triplet readout of two exchange-coupled electron spins in a natural silicon planar metal–oxide–semiconductor quantum-dot array.

An Earth system model estimates that natural halogens, of marine biotic and abiotic origin, remove about 13% of present-day global tropospheric O₃. Projections suggest this ratio is stable through 2100, with high spatial heterogeneity, despite increasing natural halogens.

Mediterranean ecosystems are at risk of invasive weeds. Here, the authors assess fitness-related traits in common dandelions with culling experiments, finding that plants with intact microbiomes exhibit increased competitiveness in comparison to local species.

High-latitude soils are future soil organic carbon loss hotspots, with losses dominated by particulate organic carbon (POC). The fraction of POC in total SOC (f_POC) is a key indicator, emphasizing the climate importance of preserving POC.

Arsenic tolerance in plants is critical for their adaptation to some soils and has therefore played an important role in plant distribution. Here, the authors identify a quantitative trait locus encoding an arsenate reductase enzyme that confers arsenic tolerance in plants.

Li and colleagues show that the transcription factor ZFP148 restrains the differentiation of antigen-specific CD8⁺ T cells toward cytolytic effector cells by repressing the expression of KLF2.

Florets of indica rice open earlier than japonica rice, hindering utilization of the cross subspecies heterosis. Here, the authors show that an OsMYB8-OsJAR1 module regulates diurnal floret opening time divergences between the two subspecies.

You, Hu et al. discover a population of COTL1^high NK cells regulated by GITRL⁺ macrophages and demonstrate their functional importance in mediating anti-tumour immunity in cancer with impaired tumour-specific MHC-I expression.