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Genetic association tests prioritize candidate genes based on different criteria.

Superconducting transmon qubits are limited by a tradeoff between anharmonicity and charge-noise sensitivity. Here, the authors show how highly transparent Josephson junctions in hybrid superconducting-semiconducting heterostructures can remove this tradeoff and achieve both benefits.

The collective dynamics of active swarms such as bird flocks and fish schools emerge from the complex, and often competing, interaction involving alignment, cohesion and collision avoidance. The authors propose a minimal flocking model with vison-based steering interactions, revealing a unique transition from order to disorder reminiscent of a Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition, which could enhance understanding of rapid flock responses in biological systems.

Dissecting cellular intrinsic properties and spatial interactions is crucial for understanding biological processes. Here, authors develop a theoretically grounded deep learning framework SIMVI, that disentangles the two factors from spatial omics data.

Photonic processors are limited by the bulkiness of discrete components and wiring complexity. An experiment now demonstrates a reprogrammable two-dimensional waveguide that performs neural network inference through multimode wave propagation.

In a post-hoc analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) features from patients with metastatic prostate cancer treated with [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu–PSMA-617 or cabazitaxel in the randomized phase 2 TheraP trial, low ctDNA levels at baseline were predictive of clinical benefit from [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu–PSMA-617, and PTEN or ATM alterations were identified as potential biomarkers of response.

Multi-plane light converters (MPLCs) rely on complex nonlinear design optimisation and are challenging to physically realise with high fidelity. Here the authors develop a self-configuring free-space MPLC for linear optical information processing.

Here the authors unveil an intermediate state during the folding of the manganese riboswitch from L. lactis. This transient state allows the integration of multiple cellular signals including RNA polymerase pausing and transcription factor NusA.

Guest adsorption in soft porous crystals induces host deformation and alters rigidity, yet the role of elastic heterogeneity in adsorption kinetics is not well understood. Using coarse-grained lattice model and dynamic Monte Carlo simulations, this study demonstrates that elastic heterogeneity governs adsorption kinetics, leading to anomalous dynamic scaling, offering a mechanistic foundation for engineering responsive materials with mechanically regulated cooperative molecular transport.

Extrachromosomal circular DNAs (ecDNAs) are prevalent in human cancers and are thought to drive tumor evolution and drug resistance by amplifying oncogenes. Here, authors develop ec3D to reconstruct three-dimensional ecDNA structures, revealing how their spatial organization rewires regulatory circuits.

Analysis of genomic networks from 430 modern individuals across 21 Pacific island populations reveals the human settlement history of Polynesia.

The highest-quality JWST spectra reveal that little red dots are young supermassive black holes shrouded in dense cocoons of ionized gas, where electron scattering, not Doppler motions, broadens their spectral lines.

An analog implementation of structured illumination using matched microlens and pinhole arrays allows up to 100-Hz 3D two-color imaging with 145-nm lateral and 350-nm axial resolution.

Reliably probing rejuvenation and memory effects in spin glasses by means of simulations is difficult. Now, a state-of-the-art numerical study shows that at least three different length scales play a crucial role in aging dynamics of spin glasses.

Adipose CoA handling is critical for lipid metabolism and homeostasis. Here, the authors identify TMEM120A as an ER-resident CoA binding protein enriched in adipocytes that promotes fatty acid recycling to support energy metabolism and limit lipotoxic stress, while its loss leads to adipose inflammation and metabolic dysfunction under high-fat diet conditions.

The presented Mean-Shift Super Resolution (MSSR) algorithm can extend spatial resolution within a single microscopy image. Its applicability extends across a wide range of experimental and instrumental configurations and it is compatible with other super-resolution microscopy approaches.

Cell division in many archaea requires the coordinated activities of two distinct FtsZ proteins, which are part of the midcell division ring. Here, Liao et al. show that an additional protein, CdpA, organises and anchors the FtsZ-based division ring at midcell in haloarchaea.

The transition from a metastable state to the ground state in classical many-body systems is mediated by bubble nucleation. This transition has now been experimentally observed in a quantum setting using coupled atomic superfluids.

Experimental measurements of high-order out-of-time-order correlators on a superconducting quantum processor show that these correlators remain highly sensitive to the quantum many-body dynamics in quantum computers at long timescales.

During early platelet spreading a novel F-actin structure forms, called the actin nodule. Here Poulter et al.demonstrate that actin nodule formation depends on WASp and the Arp2/3 complex, and using super-resolution microscopy they show that nodules bear a structural resemblance to podosomes.

It is known that exercise influences many human traits, but not which tissues and genes are most important. This study connects transcriptome data collected across 15 tissues during exercise training in rats as part of the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium with human data to identify traits with similar tissue specific gene expression signatures to exercise.

To better understand the response of Earth’s crust to earthquakes, it is valuable to mimic the geographic scale phenomena in laboratory scale experiment. Here, Bera et al. show that large bursts in ground acceleration of real earthquakes can be well reproduced in two soft, yield stress materials.

Establishment and maintenance of appropriate cell size is a prerequisite for cells to function efficiently. Here, Kiriakopulos et al. reveal that the lncRNA CISTR-ACT maintains cell size across cell types in humans and mice by regulating cell morphogenesis genes in trans via guidance of the transcription factor FOSL2.

A statistical approach to designing and predicting the fusion yield of cryogenic deuterium–tritium implosions leads to tripled yield in direct-drive laser fusion of deuterium–tritium layered targets.

Auditory stereocilia are mechanosensitive protrusions with precise dimensions that are formed around a core of long actin filaments. Here, the authors discover that stereocilia widening requires a population of myosin-regulated short actin filaments.

Solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of infectious disease and have unique molecular pathophysiology. Here the authors use host-microbe profiling to assess SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunity in solid organ transplant recipients, showing enhanced viral abundance, impaired clearance, and increased expression of innate immunity genes.

contrastiveVI separates single-cell gene expression variations uniquely related to treatment conditions from those shared with control conditions using a probabilistic latent variable model.

SCIFER detects clonal selection in whole-genome sequencing data using a population genetics model. Applied to a range of somatic tissues, SCIFER quantifies stem cell dynamics and infers clonal ages and sizes without requiring knowledge of driver events.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

This study shows how pressure induces local disorder and partial amorphization in CsPbBr₃, using total X-ray scattering and big-box modeling to reveal reversible structural changes at the atomic scale.

Beta-phase titanium alloys are attractive for vibration damping and actuation, and their phase transformations are believed to be controlled by the omega-phase. Here, residual stresses and defects are found to be important for controlling phase transformations, suggesting that the omega-phase might be less important than commonly thought.

Using well-calibrated statistical methods the authors jointly analyze Undiagnosed Diseases Network genomes, identifying known and novel disease genes. Software is publicly available to support future cross-cohort rare disease discovery efforts.

Candida albicans must adapt to hypoxia. Here, the authors discover the sterol C4-methyl oxidase (SMO) Erg251 is essential for extreme hypoxic growth, as well as virulence and colonization, and that SMO inhibitors have therapeutic potential.

In response to intracellular signals, bacterial translational riboswitches embedded in mRNAs can regulate gene expression through inhibition of translation initiation. Here, the authors describe SiM-KARTS, a novel approach for detecting changes in the structure of single RNA molecules in response to a ligand.

Brain age gaps (BAGs) highlight deviations from healthy brain aging, yet their biophysical underpinnings in aging and dementia are not well understood. Here, the authors use EEG connectivity and generative modeling across diverse populations to reveal that BAGs are influenced by geography, income, sex and education, with implications for understanding accelerated aging and dementia.

MRI data from more than 100 studies have been aggregated to yield new insights about brain development and ageing, and create an interactive open resource for comparison of brain structures throughout the human lifespan, including those associated with neurological and psychiatric disorders.

How stresses result in cellular senescence is not fully understood. Here, the authors show that cell stress induces the assembly of a polyglutamylated microtubule array connecting nucleus and cilium, which aids in transporting a senescence-inducing protein.

A potential origin of homochirality in living organisms is the parity-violating energy difference between enantiomers. Here, the authors realize a technique to control rotational states of chiral molecules using microwave and ultraviolet radiation.

Live-cell volumetric super-resolution imaging with 120-nm lateral and 360-nm axial resolution using structured-illumination microscopy at speeds of up to 5 s per cell volume over >50 time points captures fine cellular dynamics using only low illumination intensities.

Laser-induced conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy, which detects electrons emitted by ²²⁹Th nuclei in a thin ThO₂ sample excited by vacuum ultraviolet light, is demonstrated, opening the possibility of a conversion-electron-based nuclear clock.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for animal development and intricately patterned at multiple scales. Here Adams and Pooranachithra et al. show how specific collagens are precisely localized to struts, highly patterned sub-micron structures in the nematode cuticle ECM.

Insecticide resistance can limit the effectiveness of insecticide-treated nets for malaria prevention, but other factors such as access and durability also contribute. Here, the authors quantify impacts of this ‘cascade’ of factors using a mathematical model.

BPAN is a rare neurodegenerative disease caused by WDR45 mutations. Here, the authors discover that WDR45 can competitively displace G3BP1 from Caprin-1 to promote stress granule disassembly, a function that is disrupted by BPAN-associated WDR45 mutations.