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If a surface is hot enough, a liquid droplet can develop an insulating vapour layer that makes it levitate above the surface, which is known as the Leidenfrost effect. A solid structure of liquid-filled capillaries is now shown to display this levitating effect at much lower temperatures.

The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

Three-body low-energy s-wave states play an important role in few-body physics and associated universal phenomena, yet their experimental observation in nuclear system has been elusive. Here, the authors identify the three-body s-wave properties in neutron-rich ¹⁰He nuclei with improved statistics and sensitivities.

LHAASO has detected γ-ray emission with a spectrum extending to 2 PeV from the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by PSR J1849-0001, indicating an extreme particle acceleration efficiency and challenging the current particle acceleration theories.

The total sediment flux from land to the ocean across the pan-Arctic has risen by 15% since 1980, driven by greater river discharge, intensified thermokarst disturbances and wildfire activity, according to machine learning and satellite-based reconstructions of suspended sediment dynamics in 4,331 river reaches.

The authors from the ALICE collaboration identify multiple species of mesons and baryons and measure the anisotropic flow with non-flow removal techniques in pp and p-Pb collisions at the LHC, identifying the hallmark of quark flow associated with an expanding quark-gluon plasma.

Acidic pH rewires human lymphoblastoid cell metabolism, increases ROS and inflammation, depletes NAD + , and promotes pathogenic mtDNA enrichment. Restoration of NAD+ levels partially rescues acidic pH induced phenotypes including mtDNA mutations.

A model is devised to investigate free charge generation in neat acceptor domains and at donor–acceptor heterojunctions. Efficient photocurrent generation in organic heterojunctions at low energetic offsets can be related to key molecular parameters and to electronic state delocalization.

Achieving lateral doping gradients in organic semiconductors (OSCs) via solution processing is crucial but remains a challenge. A gold-activated persulfate doping strategy can locally oxidize OSCs and create a lateral doping gradient, enabling low contact resistance and high carrier mobility in solution-processed organic field-effect transistors.

The mechanism of strange metallicity remains difficult to understand. Now it is shown that in a strongly correlated d-orbital kagome metal, compact orbitals created by destructive interference can produce the unusual electronic behaviour.

While BH3-mimetics can be effective for treatment of haematological malignancies, their efficacy in solid tumours is limited. Here, using a range of patient-derived prostate cancer models, the authors demonstrate that increased replication stress induced by RB1 loss confers sensitivity to BH3 mimetics targeting BCL-XL.

Current crop variety trials typically compare new varieties with older checks. Using publicly available wheat trial data, the authors show that much of the yield gain attributed to new varieties actually stems from the declining adaptability of older cultivars to changing environments.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA translation was explored using Ribo-STAMP and single-cell RNA sequencing to reveal cell-type-specific and isoform-specific translation patterns across hippocampal neuronal and non-neuronal cell types, highlighting functional differences between CA1 and CA3.

Chen et al., examined how AFCO₂ laser therapy reduces hypertrophic scars by performing scRNA seq on patient biopsies taken before and after treatment and assessing clinical scar improvement. Earlier scars respond best, with good outcomes linked to regenerative fibroblast recruitment and distinct pro regenerative transcriptional programs, whereas poor responses involve persistent inflammatory and pro fibrotic signalling, highlighting a therapeutic window and potential cellular targets for improving laser based scar treatments.

Mendelian randomization is widely used but relies on specific assumptions that are rarely systematically assessed. This Perspective argues that researchers should rigorously test these assumptions through careful empirical analysis that incorporates a broader range of data.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

The on-surface synthesis of π-conjugated covalent organic frameworks (COFs) enables the realization of designer quantum nanomaterials. Orbital-phase frustration within an aza-triangulene COF-based kagome lattice is reported to give rise to non-trivial flat bands.

Here, the authors map malignant and non-malignant cellular states in human glioma using integrated single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, revealing spatially organized tumor-microenvironment interactions and distinct oligodendrocyte-associated programs linked to disease progression.

The physics of resonant electro-optic microcomb generation is underexplored, limiting their potential applications. Now several technological advances are realized by studying the state space of a thin-film lithium niobate photonic frequency comb.

EuCo₂Al₉ is identified as a metallic spin supersolid with high thermal conductivity, exhibiting coexisting spin orders, strong quantum fluctuations and a giant magnetocaloric effect enabling efficient sub-Kelvin refrigeration.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Thirty years of forest demographic data, combined with recent ecophysiological measurements, reveal that intense Amazon droughts sharply increase tree mortality once soil moisture falls below a threshold, and that these hot droughts will become more frequent and intense as Earth warms towards hypertropical conditions.

Global Burden of Disease estimates show that between 1990 and 2023, the prevalence and burden of drug use disorders, inclusive of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use, have been increasing in high-income countries, particularly in the USA.

Vallentgoed et al. integrate clinical and multiomic data from persons with matched initial and recurrent IDH-mutant astrocytomas to identify progression-associated mechanisms and report a DNA methylation-based signature associated with survival.

SMIAL is an open-source graphical user interface (GUI) software designed for reproducible machine learning workflows on multichannel 2D label-free imaging data, enabling classification across biomedical and non-biomedical applications.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

This study reveals that the ability to maintain a stable body weight predicts longevity in mice. By tracking weight dynamics throughout life, the authors identify genetic loci linked to body weight, energy homeostasis and healthy aging.

Optomechanics is the use of light to control the motion of a mechanical resonator, potentially cooling it to the quantum ground state. Here, the authors cool a millimetre-scale silicon nitride membrane to an effective temperature of 34 microkelvin by coupling it to a three-dimensional microwave cavity.

A picometer-scale optical ruler is proposed based on precise location of a vanishingly small transverse optical phase singularity. This ruler is capable of measuring three-dimensional picometric displacements within optical interferometric systems.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

This Resource paper presents a global SARS-CoV-2 phylogenetic tree of 4,471,579 high-quality genomes consistently constructed by Viridian, an efficient amplicon-aware assembler.

A protein biomarker, the NOTCH3 extracellular domain, identifies individuals with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension, correlates with disease progression, improves mortality risk prediction and provides a readily implementable, noninvasive blood test for this disease.

The 4D Nucleome Project demonstrates the use of genomic assays and computational methods to measure genome folding and then predict genomic structure from DNA sequence, facilitating the discovery of potential effects of genetic variants, including variants associated with disease, on genome structure and function.

The ALICE Collaboration provides details on the microscopic mechanism that ends up creating antideuteron in high-energy proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

The extreme hot and dry conditions of 2023 reduced soil respiration and enhanced net forest carbon sequestration in Canada, offsetting wildfire emissions, according to satellite-based and in situ observations of CO₂ fluxes.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Previous structural studies of T cell recognition of SARS-CoV-2 have been confined to spike epitopes. Here the authors assess T cell recognition of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid epitopes, which are more conserved than spike epitopes, providing structural insights into recognition of two epitopes.

Observational analyses from the China Kadoorie Biobank found that alcohol consumption was associated with higher risks of 61 diseases in Chinese men, with most of these associations confirmed by genetic analyses.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

Researchers demonstrate a receiver based on an all-Si eight-channel avalanche photodiode, which operates at a data rate of 160 Gb s⁻¹ per channel and has an aggregate rate of 1.28 Tb s⁻¹.