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The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

Virtual reality technologies need olfactory systems to improve human perception, but their bulky formats limit their practicality. Here, Liu et. al. report flexible and miniaturized odor generators with tunable odor concentration in close user proximity for immersive virtual reality applications.

Using magnetic resonance imaging and connectome-based predictive modelling, Gao et al. find that brain connectivity data can predict suicide risk in patients with late-life depression.

Radiopharmaceuticals engineered with click chemistry to selectively bind to tumour-specific proteins can be used to successfully target tumour cells, boosting the pharmacokinetics of radionuclide therapy and improving tumour regression.

Natural recovery generally benefits soil organic carbon (SOC) accrual in abandoned croplands, but the impact of warming on SOC in this ecosystem is unclear. Here, the authors showed that warming enhances mineral-associated carbon accrual in these lands.

A microchip-based DNA synthesis method enables scalable production of complex DNA constructs.

Activated cotton textiles are promising for wearable energy storage due to their flexibility and high conductivity, but scalability is an issue. Here, the authors combine supercapacitors and solar cells on activated cotton textiles via scalable roll-to-roll assembly to make self-sustaining power packs.

Heterohelicenes are of increasing importance in materials science but organocatalytic enantioselective synthesis of these molecules remains challenging. Here, the authors synthesize enantioenriched 1-(3-indol)-quino[n]helicenes through chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed Povarov reaction followed by oxidative aromatization and explore the photochemical and electrochemical properties of these compounds.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have improved our understanding of the genetic basis of lung adenocarcinoma but known susceptibility variants explain only a small fraction of the familial risk. Here, the authors perform a two-stage GWAS and report 12 novel genetic loci associated with lung adenocarcinoma in East Asians.

MET signalling is required for glioblastoma (GBM) stem cell maintenance. Here the authors identify a circular RNA from the MET gene (circMET) that encodes a MET variant protein (MET404) and show that it can promote GBM tumorigenesis by directly activating the MET receptor independent of HGF stimulation.

Recently, the quantum anomalous Hall effect has been successfully achieved in the intrinsic magnetic topological insulator MnBi₂Te₄, but zero-field quantization has proved difficult to achieve due to poor sample quality. Here, the authors report zero-field quantization and chiral edge states in five-septuple-layer MnBi₂Te₄.

Selective activation of C–H bonds is a key challenge in organic reactions. Here, the authors achieve the selective activation of four quasi-equivalent C–H bonds, leading to the formation of N-doped graphene nanoribbons with partial corannulene motifs.

Chen et al. use UK Biobank data to reveal a dietary pattern associated with a lower risk of dementia, and validate this in additional cohorts.

Kynurenine, a tryptophan metabolite, is increased in the circulating plasma of obese individuals, but the source has been unclear. Here, the authors show in mice that mature adipocytes produce kynurenine, with vitamin B6 administration preventing accumulation and protecting against high-fat diet.

Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are vital for genome integrity and fertility. Here the authors reveal that spatial clustering of piRNA genes in Caenorhabditis elegans promotes transcription through phase separation and deSUMOylation, uncovering a SUMOylation-regulated mechanism for piRNA production in heterochromatic genomes.

A multistate analysis of 341,159 adults from the UK Biobank shows that the development and mortality of cardiometabolic multimorbidity are associated with biological aging, as measured by the Klemera–Doubal Method Biological Age and PhenoAge algorithms.

The management of charge carrier recombination and transport in heterojunction back contact solar cells poses significant challenges in achieving a high efficiency. Here, authors analyze various loss mechanisms of devices fabricated by laser patterning, and achieve a certified efficiency of 27.09%.

Hybrids often show poorer performance than their parents due to conflict between parental genes, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, Chen et al. identify three genes that activate immune responses and hinder hybrids growth in rice, a finding that may help rice breeding.

A new donkey reference genome and comparisons with wild asses yields insights into the evolutionary history of donkey domestication and identifies a genetic variant that results in the non-Dun coat colours of domestic donkeys.

Food safety is jeopardized by the global trade in contaminated foods. Huang et al. demonstrate how consumer exposure to the toxic chemical polychlorinated biphenyl-153 (PCB-153) can be modelled and identify regions with high consumer PCB-153 exposure resulting from imported fish consumption.

X. Du, W. Li, G. Li, C. Guo et al. report that dietary galactose regulates the cellular crosstalk between hepatocytes and CD8⁺ T cells via IGFBP-1 production and IGF-1 signalling, thereby modulating T cell exhaustion and antitumour immunity.

Methane can be converted into other useful chemicals and fuels via photocatalytic oxidative coupling, yet producing molecules with more than two carbon atoms remains difficult. Here the authors show that highly strained Au confined within the nanopores of TiO₂ can convert methane to propane with high selectivity.

Drug discovery based on transcriptional profiling does not require knowledge of protein targets.

Crystallization processes are influenced by the presence of impurities. Colloid experiments now reveal two distinct types of growth mode that depend on the extent to which a crystallizing system can remove impurity particles from its growth front.

Foundation models enable rapid adaptation to various downstream tasks and are hence about to become a new paradigm in biomedicine. Here, the authors develop LLaVA-Rad, a small AI that bests larger models in chest X-ray interpretation, and CheXprompt, a radiologist-aligned factuality metric, to enable scalable, privacy-preserving image analysis.

Programmed cell death is a crucial process in biology and medicine. Here, authors identify that calcium overload enhances TLK2 activity, causing nuclear envelope rupture and neuronal death via a complex with LC8 and myosin IIA.

Zhang and colleagues characterize a subset of nerve-associated CX3CR1⁺ liver portal area macrophages that maintain immune homeostasis and attenuate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Jie Luo, Xingming Lian and colleagues report results of a large genome-wide association study of metabolic variation in rice. They identify hundreds of common variants influencing metabolite levels and illustrate how this approach can complement classical trait mapping and provide insights into pathways of physiological and nutritional importance.

Hydronium ions bordering cancer cells are highly concentrated into a small extracellular region, and in tumour tissue such severely polarized acidity correlates with the expression of monocarboxylate transporters and with the exclusion of cytotoxic T cells.

cfDNA is a promising tool to detect early cancer, however, it has been limited by detection limits and technological ability. Here, the authors develop a method for simultaneous cfDNA methylation, fragmentation and copy number alteration sequencing and apply to a cohort of healthy and cancer patients.

Age-dependent decline in remyelination in the CNS is associated with declined differentiation capacity of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Here, the authors show nuclear entry of SIRT2 is impaired and NAD+ levels are reduced during ageing in mouse OPCs. β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (β-NMN) supplement delays myelin aging and enhances remyelination in the aged mice.

Diarrhoea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in China. Here, the authors present results from a large sentinel surveillance scheme from 217 hospitals in all 31 provinces in mainland China, including ~150,000 patients with acute diarrhoea and covering years 2009-2018.

Unfairness in AI healthcare models arise from biased correlations between sensitive attributes and disease data. Here, the authors show that the Attribute Neutral Framework reduces these biases and enhances fairness without compromising diagnostic accuracy.

China operates a national surveillance program for acute respiratory infections and sampled over 200,000 patients between 2009–2019. Here, the authors present results from this program and describe patterns by age, pathogen type, presence of pneumonia, and season.

A mitochondrial disease is modeled using engineered base editors in rats.

Huang et al. investigated the effects of long-term statins administration in a mouse model for diabetes and found that it can worsen insulin resistance, renal inflammation and fibrosis. Statins increased renal lipid uptake and inhibited fatty acid oxidation, contributing to diabetic nephropathy.

Methotrexate-loaded tumour-cell-derived microvesicles induce neutrophil-mediated antitumour activity and can relieve biliary obstructions in patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.