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Glucose deprivation triggers the secretion of the cytokine LIF, which promotes angiogenesis and immune suppression in lung cancer models.

De novo and inherited dominant variants in genes encoding U4 and U6 small nuclear RNAs are identified in individuals with retinitis pigmentosa. The variants cluster at nucleotide positions distinct from those implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders.

Large-scale combinatorial perturbation screens are important to identify genetic interactions and synthetic lethal gene pairs. Here, Burgold et al. present a next-generation dual guide system that allows library-scale screening across hundreds of thousands of genetic interactions.

A pangenome of oat, assembled from 33 wild and domesticated oat lines, sheds light on the evolution and genetic diversity of this cereal crop and will aid genomics-assisted breeding to improve productivity and sustainability.

Although oral phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors have substantially improved the treatment of erectile dysfunction, unmet needs among men with erectile dysfunction still exist. This article considers the possibility of gene therapy for these patients, and discusses results from early clinical studies of gene therapy for erectile dysfunction.

Genome-wide studies of de novo genes have tended to focus on genomic open reading frames (ORFs). Here, Blevins et al. use deep transcriptomics and synteny information to identify de novo transcripts in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, many of which are expressed from the alternative DNA strand.

Single-cell RNA-seq facilitates the study of transcriptome diversity in individual cells. Here, authors introduce a tool for isoform quantification at the single-cell level using 3’ scRNA-seq data, contributing to the study of post-transcriptional gene regulation in individual cells.

Oat is an important food crop, but the genetic diversity within the gene pool remains unclear. Here, the authors report the analyses of worldwide diversity and population structure of hexaploid oat, and identify signatures of structural rearrangements within the germplasm collection.

Here, the authors investigate the proteome trajectory of human iPSCs differentiating into hepatic stellate cells (diHSCs) and identify RORA as a key transcription factor that governs metabolic reprogramming essential for diHSCs’ commitment, identity, and quiescent phenotype.

RNA levels in post-mortem tissue can differ greatly from those before death. Studying the effect of post-mortem interval on the transcriptome in 36 human tissues, Ferreira et al. find that the response to death is largely tissue-specific and develop a model to predict time since death based on RNA data.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Youssef et al. study epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) programs in breast cancer and identify two interdependent trajectories coexisting within tumors, with EMT transcription factors such as PRRX1 at their nexus.

SWI/SNF complexes regulate chromatin architecture and gene expression. Here the authors report the RNA interactome of SMARCB1-containing SWI/SNF complexes, showing the function of SMARCB1-interacting long noncoding RNA SWINGN in transcriptional activation of GAS6 and a set of SWI/SNF target genes.

DNA double strand break repair pathways ensure genome stability and prevent disease. Here the authors show that the actin nucleating factor DIAPH1 and γ-actin promote homologous recombination (HR)-dependent repair. Inherited mutations in DIAPH1 or ACTG1 give rise to clinical deficits similar to those associated with defective HR.

Whole-genome alignment of 239 primate species reveals noncoding regulatory elements that are under selective constraint in primates but not in other placental mammals, that are enriched for variants that affect human gene expression and complex traits in diseases.

mRNA translational control by CPEBs is reactivated in cancer. Here, the authors show that the insertion of CPE regulatory sequences in the 3′ UTR of the E1A viral gene induces oncoselectivity, with oncolytic potency in cancer cells but attenuated toxicity in normal tissues.

Kodali, Proietti et al. report that increased numbers of P-bodies in leukaemia cells account for sequestration and prevention of tumour-suppressive mRNAs from being translated, which could be targeted as a potential intervention in myeloid leukaemia.

The Vertebrate Genome Project has used an optimized pipeline to generate high-quality genome assemblies for sixteen species (representing all major vertebrate classes), which have led to new biological insights.

High methionine and S-adenosylmethionine serum levels are related with obesity. Here the authors show that knockdown of methionine adenosyltransferase by using antisense oligonucleotides provides beneficial effects in obesity and comorbidities.

PU.1 is a master regulator of myeloid development but its role in disease-relevant neutrophils is not well known. Here, the authors look at primary neutrophils from a human population and find that genetic variants affecting binding of PU.1 are associated with cell count and disease susceptibility.

Viruses can encode genes that regulate the host's translational machinery to their advantage. Here, the authors show that viruses encode ribosomal proteins that can be incorporated into the host’s ribosome and may affect translation.

Fewer than 100 wild Cat Ba langurs survive in Vietnam. Here, the authors use whole genome sequencing to demonstrate potential adaptations to saltwater consumption as well as maintenance of adaptive potential despite low levels of genetic diversity and high levels of inbreeding.

Analysis of the genomes of 50 species of Lemuriformes shows high levels of genomic diversity, likely due to allele sharing, as well as population declines and inbreeding patterns resulting from ecological factors and human impacts in Madagascar.

Personalised medicine requires cell cultures from defined genetic backgrounds, but providing sufficient numbers of cells is a challenge. Here the authors develop gene cocktails to expand primary cells from a variety of different tissues and species, and show that expanded endothelial and hepatic cells retain properties of the differentiated phenotype.

Muñoz-Gil and colleagues report the results of an open challenge where they benchmarked algorithms for the characterization of motion changes in single-particle tracking. By ranking methods on simulations, the competition revealed strengths and limitations of AI and classic approaches, guiding researchers toward optimal tools.

This Review explores the genetic basis of diversification and adaptation in non-human primates, including their responses to ecological and environmental changes.

Barcoded HIV ensembles (B-HIVE) provides a new approach to map HIV integration sites and to determine how genomic context influences proviral transcription activity and response to latency-reversing agents.

Genomic and functional analysis of intratumor heterogeneity in pediatric glioma uncovers early clonal divergence and stable spontaneous cooperation between subclonal populations throughout tumor evolution.

Genomic techniques have pervaded studies of speciation genetics. Although they might not have led to changes in the prevailing hypotheses, the accelerated pace of data collection and compilation should help us to understand the relative frequency and importance of the different processes that cause speciation.

Aortic aneurysm and dissection, the major problem linked to Marfan syndrome (MFS), lacks effective pharmacological treatment. Here, the authors show that the NO pathway is overactivated in MFS and that inhibition of guanylate cyclase and cGMP-dependent protein kinase reverts MFS aortopathy in mice.

Genetic variants might exert their functional effects via influencing molecular interaction. Here, the authors present a resource featuring almost 28,000 annotations describing the effect of small sequence changes on physical protein interactions, curated by IMEx Consortium curators.

Antibody–cytotoxic peptide conjugate design combines favorable pharmacokinetics with a novel mechanism for selective peptide activation by tumor metalloproteases.

The authors sequence genome-wide data from multiple human individuals in southern Spain and find long-lasting genetic continuity. Here, in contrast to regions elsewhere in Europe, a 23,000-year-old individual from Malalmuerzo carries genetic ancestry that connects earlier Aurignacian-associated individuals with western European hunter-gatherers long after the Last Glacial Maximum.

An integrated resource of (epi)genomic features in annotated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) primary samples uncovers subgroup-specific regulatory alterations associated with clinical behavior.

This Review summarizes existing data, as well as crucial knowledge gaps, emerging from clinical trials involving NAD⁺ precursor supplementation in humans.

The kinase Plk1 has been studied primarily as a mitotic regulator in dividing cells, but de Cárcer et al. find that Plk1 deficiency or inhibition in mice causes nonmitotic defects in the vasculature, including aortic aneurysm and rupture, as well as defective vascular smooth muscle contractility. These results recommend a note of caution in the clinical use of PLK1 inhibitors as anticancer agents.

Human fibroblasts undergo conversion to angioblast-like progenitors and then to endothelial cells by brief exposure to pluripotency factors, which is then followed by differentiation.

This paper presents standards and best practices for reporting genome sequences of uncultivated viruses.