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Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

Porous materials are actively researched for iodine adsorption, but the pore characteristics of frameworks required for efficient iodine capture in water are not well understood. Here, the authors construct a series of covalent organic frameworks with triangular pores and different local polarities for efficient iodine capture from aqueous solution.

A hierarchical Al₃Ti/Al composite with high strength and modulus at elevated temperatures is developed incorporating high-energy ball milling-controlled in-situ reaction between Ti₂AlC and Al, through activating the internal decomposition in Ti₂AlC.

Here, the authors provide a framework to map glucuronidated metabolites and show that gut microbes shape their distribution across the body, with findings in mice supported by human data, where colonization and diet influence glucuronidation patterns.

This study develops an urban climate-energy modeling framework to assess community energy resilience under climate risks, revealing increased disparities in New York City and supporting resilient and equitable energy system planning.

SARS-CoV-2 can develop resistance to antivirals. Here, the authors identify the pathways utilized by the virus to attain resistance to atilotrelvir, ibuzatrelvir, and simnotrelvir, revealing extensive cross-resistance among the selected viruses.

Targeted protein degradation has huge potential, but phenotype-specific degradation remains a difficulty. Here, a phase-separation biomolecular condensates as an intracellular degradation agent is developed, combining antibody-guided recognition with direct proteasome recruitment to enable phenotype-selective protein clearance.

Soil microbes drive ecosystem functions but are vulnerable to environmental stressors triggered by global change. This study reveals that multiple environmental stressors drive community-level restructuring of soil functional microbiomes globally.

Optical frequency comb generation usually relies on Kerr or Pockels nonlinearities. Here, the authors create a Floquet cavity by periodically modulating the resonance, achieving phase-locked Floquet sideband generation under nanowatt power consumption. The produced combs is independent of a pumping threshold and insensitive to pump detuning.

Difelikefalin is an FDA-approved KOR-targeted drug for chronic pruritus yet exhibits side effects. Here, researchers solve cryo-EM structure of difelikefalin KOR-Gi, identifying Y320^7.43 as a key bias residue. Substituting D-Phe1 with β-phenylalanine develops beta01 which retains analgesic/antipruritic efficacy via a unique receptor conformation that reduces adverse effects.

High-performance perovskite tandem solar cells are limited by uneven, disordered self-assembled monolayer (SAM) acting as hole-selective layers. Luo et al. design a SAM that yields uniform, stable interfaces, reducing non-radiative losses and boosting efficiency and durability

Direct conversion of dimethyl ether to liquid fuels is an appealing one-step route to high-octane gasoline but achieving effective metal–acid synergy remains challenging. Here, the authors introduce an induction-programming strategy that converts NiO_x/ZSM-5 into a cooperative Ni/NiₓC/ZSM-5 interface under reaction conditions, enabling the production of isoparaffin-rich gasoline.

The tumor suppressor protein p53 is commonly mutated in cancer and has been challenging for therapeutic reactivation. Here, the authors developed a small molecule chemical inducer of proximity to selectively activate p53 transcription and induce cellular senescence and apoptosis in p53^Y220C cells.

Large numbers of studies performed over the past three decades have reported candidate blood biomarkers with seemingly high levels of diagnostic performance for stroke recognition. Here, the authors show that these results may largely be artifacts of underlying translational confounds.

Portal fibrosis, a hallmark of progression in chronic liver diseases, typically develops following biliary injury. This study identifies Clec3b⁺ fibroblasts as key drivers of liver portal fibrosis and demonstrates that a KLF4/periostin signaling axis controls their activation, highlighting potential therapeutic targets for inhibiting fibrosis in biliary diseases.

Dong, Ray et al. identify salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) as potential drivers of T cell dysfunction in the immunosuppressive microenvironment of ovarian cancer.

Understanding the subcellular distribution of RNA-binding proteins can shed light on their structural and functional features. Here, the authors map RNA-binding proteins across cellular compartments, revealing hierarchies and atypical functions.

A drawing-like task designed to study compositional generalization identifies a specific neural population in the ventral premotor cortex in primates that encodes action symbols.

l-2-Hydroxyglutarate is identified as a legitimate physiological signalling metabolite, and control of its levels is essential for postnatal growth and survival and correct renal development and function.

Polygenic risk scores vary with genetic ancestry. Here, the authors develop a framework to calibrate for genetic ancestry in these scores that leverages admixture analysis, separating out the ancestry-specific component of polygenic risk scores.

Systems-level analyses of organ intrinsic nervous systems reveal that these networks are initially configured by lineage-dependent programmes, and their architecture and molecular identity are refined by intra-organ specific local cues.

Most PRS models focus on common variants, overlooking rare variant contributions. Here, the authors present RICE, a PRS framework that integrates common and rare genetic variants to strengthen polygenic risk prediction across ancestries.

A cross-organ, multi-omics U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and biological ageing clocks highlights the potential of sleep optimization to promote healthy ageing, lower disease risk and extend longevity.

Restricting or permitting H3K27me3 spreading concentrates or dilutes canonical PRC1 (cPRC1), respectively, which affects three-dimensional chromatin interactions. Disruption of cPRC1 compromises repression of Polycomb target genes and induces differentiation and tumor regression in H3K27M-mutant glioma.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Short-read sequencing-based approaches are limited to gene-level expression and cannot identify full-length transcript isoforms. Here, the authors apply single-cell long-read RNA sequencing to glioblastoma and identify tumor-specific isoforms and peptides deriving from them as neoantigens.

ΨDNA guides are used with Cas12 for precise, programmable targeting of cellular RNA.

Compound-mediated targeted protein degradation through the recruitment of Ub ligases is an emerging field. Here, the authors determine key structural and biochemical principles for harnessing SCF-FBXO22, allowing for the discovery of improved degraders for the neosubstrate and oncogenic target NSD2.

Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, but can also be used as a source for advanced carbon materials. This work shows a sustainable approach to produce high-value carbon fibres through methane pyrolysis.

This study uses brain recordings, self-reports, and facial analysis to decode acute pain in epilepsy patients. Machine learning reveals stable neural markers in mesolimbic, striatal, and cortical regions, plus facial cues, enabling reliable pain detection in naturalistic settings.

Early human heart development is shaped by biomechanical cues that are difficult to study in vivo. Here, authors engineer a perfusable 3D-bioprinted model of the embryonic heart tube for in vitro modelling of early human heart development.

PTCHD1-AS, which encodes a long non-coding RNA, is associated with the aetiology of autism spectrum disorder in humans through striatal molecular and circuit-level dysregulation.

Pulmonary microbiotacomponents in bronchiectasis patients receive repeated antibiotic exposures, whereas previous studies on the effects ofantibiotic treatment focused on typical pathogens rather than commensals. By integrating experimental evolution withsingle-cell resolution, the authors reveal a multifaceted strategy by which Neisseria subflava, a common airwaycommensal associated with bronchiectasis, exploits antibiotic selection to transition towards pathogenicity.

Here, using multi-omics, the authors show that MASLD is associated with alterations in gut bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and identify potential disruptions in phage-bacteria-metabolite interactions, highlighting microbial signatures and ecological changes linked to disease.

LHAASO has detected γ-ray emission with a spectrum extending to 2 PeV from the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by PSR J1849-0001, indicating an extreme particle acceleration efficiency and challenging the current particle acceleration theories.

DNA hybridisation thermodynamics parameters underlie rational design of oligonucleotides for diagnostics and nanotechnology. Here, the authors present an accurate method to measure the free energy of a given DNA structure at specific temperature and buffer conditions.

Rapid methods to identify antigen-specific T cells are essential for developing targeted immunotherapies. Here the authors present a high-throughput MHC class II single-chain trimer platform for the comprehensive profiling of CD4⁺ T cells, enabling the rapid identification and characterization of virus- and tumour-specific T cell receptors (TCR) at single-cell resolution.

Authors present a framework that harmonizes electronic health record data across hospitals by integrating medical knowledge, large language models, and graph learning. It enables cross-institutional analysis without sharing patient-level data.

Whether habits emerge gradually or suddenly remains an open question. Here the authors show that mice abruptly switch from goal-directed to habitual control, marked by a rapid dorsal striatal shift from outcome- to stimulus-driven processing.

A large-scale proteomics analysis of the dark proteome by the TransCODE Consortium reveals many translated non-canonical open reading frames to encode microproteins and peptideins.

Multi-ancestry and ancestry-stratified genome-wide analyses identify genetic variants associated with refractive error and enable construction of an enhanced polygenic predictor incorporating functional annotations.

Direct and selective functionalization of pyridine scaffold is of importance across numerous fields, yet remains challenging due to the inherent inertness of pyridines and the presence of competing reactive sites. Here, the authors report a room-temperature electrochemical strategy that enables the direct hydroxyalkylation of diverse pyridines with carbonyl compounds.

Accurate characterization of emerging quantum sensors requires an imaging technique that does not depend on defect-specific optical readout. Here, using a NV center in diamond, the authors detect and map boron vacancy defects in hBN via spin cross-relaxation, enabling quantitative nanoscale imaging and spectroscopy without detecting hBN emission.

The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

This study develops a platform that enables simultaneous, multiplexed tracing of 30 nitrogen isotope-labelled metabolites, uncovering differences in pyrimidine synthesis pathway choice between primitive and differentiated cells.