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Through integrated multi-omics and experimental validation, this study reveals that altered gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism activate TLR3 to induce urothelial injury in interstitial cystitis, identifying a pathway with therapeutic potential.

A new Bayesian framework for analysing gravitational-wave ringdown signals from black holes speeds up multi-mode inference, enhancing rapid and statistically robust tests of strong gravity.

In this phase 3 trial, human immunodeficiency virus-negative Vietnamese adults with tuberculous meningitis were stratified by LTA4H genotype to assess whether this influences corticosteroid response. However, outcomes were not significantly better according to genotype.

Mesinovic et al. use AI foundation models to implement heart disease screening in people living with HIV in Vietnam, relying on low-cost wearable sensors. This approach achieves promising discriminative ability and requires only lightweight local training, potentially enabling affordable screening in resource-limited clinics.

The strong metal–support interaction is an important phenomenon for the modulation of a catalyst´s performance but is traditionally restricted to reducible oxide supports. Here, a CO₂-induced strong metal–support interaction is reported for gold nanoparticles supported on non-reducible MgO to yield a superior oxidation catalyst.

This work introduces a bilevel optimization framework that discovers optimal reward functions for embodied reinforcement learning agents through a mechanism called regret minimization. The approach accelerates policy optimization and enhances adaptability across diverse tasks.

We conducted an experimental demonstration of coherent Ising machine via femto-second laser pumping that integrates optimization strategies across optical and structural dimensions, resulting in significant performance enhancements.

This Review discusses recent advances in sensitized fluorescence emitters for deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes, reviewing progress in molecular design and device performance as well as key remaining challenges.

Here the authors report that genetic or pharmacological inhibition of phosphoglycerate kinase 1, an enzyme involved in glycolysis, attenuates acute kidney injury in mouse models of acute kidney injury via inhibition of ferroptosis.

The creation and purification of magic states can be a limiting step in quantum computing. Now an error correcting code has been found where the overhead of this process is the lowest value possible, showing that optimal performance can be achieved.

Cytology is commonly used for cervical cancer screening or triage. Here, the authors used deep learning to develop a liquid-based cytology screening approach to detect cervical cancer in both community and hospital-based settings.

The role of TGFβ in cancer is paradoxical and context-dependent. Here, the authors discover that a preserved, DLD-mediated metabolic suppression by TGFβ undermines anti-TGFβ therapy, promoting gastric cancer growth.

It is currently unclear whether machine learning model could efficiently learn the dynamics of many-qubit bounded-gate quantum circuits. This work reveals the learnability of predicting linear properties of large- scale quantum circuits and proposes a learning algorithm that enables resource-efficient solutions for many practical quantum applications.

Using chiroptical imaging, the optical activity of a metal-organic framework (MOF) was directly correlated with its enantiomorphous (mirror-image) crystal shapes, a milestone that was unachievable in Pasteur’s era.

Evidence for a quantum magnetic analogue of a supersolid appears in a recently synthesized antiferromagnet showing a strong magnetocaloric effect of the spin supersolid phase with potential for applications in sub-kelvin refrigeration.

In a large multinational cohort study, maternal, gestational or pregestational diabetes was associated with only a small-to-moderate risk of ADHD in offspring, contrary to previous estimates that showed stronger effect sizes, attributing the differences in findings to confounding by shared genetic and familial factors.

LipidIN is an advanced framework designed for flash platform-independent lipid annotation. Featuring a comprehensive 168.5-million lipid fragment library with the intelligent models, LipidIN improves annotation accuracy, speed, and coverage.

An analysis of genomic, molecular and neuroanatomical traits across extant primates reveals early divergence in visual and olfactory systems of major primate lineages consistent with lineage-specific shifts in diel activity and dietary niche, providing support for a sensory ‘reallocation’ hypothesis.

Quantum speed limits are fundamental constraints on the speed of quantum state evolution. Here, the authors observe the known maximal quantum speed limits for few and many-body states on a superconducting quantum processor and identify the minimal quantum speed limits, which are less common than maximal ones.

A DNA matrix material potentiates humoral response through multiple administration routes, generating neutralizing antibodies and conferring robust protection against infection.

Low-frequency quasiperiodic oscillations in X-ray data are thought to trace the accretion flow in X-ray binaries. Here, the detection of 200 keV oscillations probes the innermost regions of MAXI J1820+070, revealing the precession of a small-scale jet.

Assessing failure pressure is critical in determining pipeline integrity. In this study, based on the unified yield criterion, authors propose a limit state equation for steel pipes under various loads which can be converted into a series of failure pressure evaluation models for pipeline with different yield criteria.

Block copolymers are electrically insulating and therefore characterization with electrical or electrochemical methods is not possible. Here, the authors demonstrate electrical monitoring of the photoisomerization transition in a benzylidene oxazolone block co-polymer intercalated into graphene sheets.

Friction and wear cause widespread energy loss and damage. Here, the authors propose a strategy to reduce friction and wear through inducing dynamic electronic density redistribution via alternating electric current.

In this study, authors use molecular dynamics simulations to explore why Tantalum (Ta) and Zirconium (Zr) have different glass-forming abilities. It is shown that Ta’s lower critical cooling rate is due to stronger competing ordering effects and local icosahedral structures, which influence crystallisation pathways.

Charge stripes have been observed in various unconventional superconductors, but their interplay with the superconducting properties is not fully understood. Here, the authors show, via large-scale numerical simulations based on an inhomogeneous Hubbard model, that the charge stripe period can dictate the superconducting pairing symmetry.

A quantum microsatellite, with a payload weighing only 23 kilograms, in combination with portable ground stations that weigh merely 100 kilograms, is capable of performing space-to-ground real-time quantum key distribution.

Increased anthropogenic aerosol emissions from Asia generate circumglobal Rossby waves that contribute to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation slowdown by suppressing heat loss in the Labrador Sea.

Cell division is governed by the positioning of a cytoskeletal structure called the spindle. Two methods, one based on laser ablation and the other on fluid flow assessments, are now shown to be useful tools for studying spindle positioning.

Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) and systemic LE (SLE) can present as cutaneous lesions. Here the authors characterise an scRNA dataset of cutaneous lesions from these patients and compare these to healthy controls showing differential immune cell recruitment, cell type and gene expression.

In glioblastoma (GBM), tumour microtubes (TM) connect tumour cells to a broader cellular network, with roles in tumour progression and therapy resistance. Here, the authors combine a dye uptake method in GBM xenograft models with subsequent scRNA-seq to infer a TM connectivity signature, finding CHI3L1 as a marker of connectivity.

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps generally has a type 2 inflammatory eosinophilic profile but can have a treatment resistant neutrophilic phenotype. Here the authors characterise nasal polyps using single cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics and show granzyme K⁺CD8⁺ T cells associated with neutrophilic inflammation which promote release of neutrophilic chemoattractants from fibroblasts.

Heavy traffic jams are difficult to predict due to the complexity of traffic dynamics. The authors propose a framework to unveil identifiable early signals and predict the eventual outcome of traffic bottlenecks, which may be useful for designing effective methods preventing traffic jams.

Here the AUs showcase adaptive wireless-powered network (AWPN) that utilizes a dual-band metasurface to enable simultaneous wireless localization and non-contact power supply. It achieves a localization resolution of 3 cm using a single-input single-output (SISO) system, marking a significant advancement in the accuracy and efficiency of wireless sensing and energy transfer technologies.