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Tailored to provide diabetes management recommendations from large training and validation datasets, an artificial intelligence system integrating language and computer vision capabilities is shown to improve self-management of patients in a prospective implementation study.

Sihan Tan and colleagues report an AI agent capable of process simulation, optimization, carbon emission accounting, and decarbonization intervention evaluation. This progress facilitates high-resolution carbon emission models of the industry.

A deep learning algorithm shows promising performance in predicting progression to diabetic retinopathy in patients, up to 5 years in advance, potentially providing support for medical treatment decisions and indications for personalized screening frequency in a real-world cohort.

Syt1 is a primary Ca²⁺ sensor for secretion but the function of non-Ca²⁺ -affinitive Syt11 remains unknown. Here, authors identify strong but Ca²⁺ -inhibited lipid affinity of Syt11, and a Syt11-1-11 inter-switch during excitation-coupled exo-endocytosis.

The DAWN study is a phase 3 clinical trial that demonstrates effective glycemic control of dorzagliatin as an add-on therapy to metfomin in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Here, the authors report tunable luminescence from a single lanthanide ion upon changing excitation conditions through co-doping an energy-modulator ion, thus adjusting the photon transition process of the lanthanide activator ion. Optical encryption has also been demonstrated as an application of this universal strategy.

Hydrogenolysis of unactivated C(aryl)–C(alkyl) bonds is a challenging task even in the presence of metal catalysts. Now, an approach using a boron catalyst is described that facilitates the hydrogenolysis of alkylarenes under mild conditions, and its utility is demonstrated by degrading polystyrene waste into benzene and phenylalkanes.

Neutralizing antibodies binding the domain III of Zika virus envelope protein (EDIII) are desired in vaccine development. Here, the authors express dimeric EDIII fused to human IgG1 Fc fragment from circular RNA, and show immunogenicity and protection in mice.

A study leveraging transsynaptic tracing demonstrates rapid and extensive integration of human glioblastoma organoids into the mouse brain.

This study identifies a positive-feedback loop between the ACC and the VTA that mediates the mutual exacerbation between hyperalgesia and comorbid anxiodepressive-like behaviors and, thereby, the chronicity of neuropathic pain.

Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder and the pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, the authors show a potential role for synaptotagmin-11 in schizophrenia-related behavior through dopamine over-transmission.

This study highlights the role Polar regions as a limiting factor in global sustainability due to teleconnection effects, and then propose a SDG target, key indicators, and emphasize Indigenous inclusion and global action.

Chen and colleagues, using a large multicenter prospective study, show the feasibility and survival benefits of annual screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in individuals at high risk based on hepatitis B surface antigen seropositivity.

The RIG-I like receptors sense RNA viruses and initiate antiviral immunity. Here the authors screen 375 definite ubiquitin ligases and propose UBR5 promotes RLR transcription by disengaging the TRIM28-imposed brake on the RLR promoters.

Nicotine exposure from cigarette smoke modulates dopamine release in the brain, which is implicated in nicotine addiction, but how it does this is unclear. Here, in mouse brain slices, the authors show that nicotine inhibits cholinergic- but not dopaminergic-dependent dopamine release.

A better understanding of longitudinal changes in antibody responses in COVID-19 patients is needed. Here the authors analyze anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid antibody responses to Sars-CoV-2 over a course of 6 months in a large cohort of patients with COVID-19, showing that IgM is mostly not detectable after 3 months, whereas IgG responses contract, yet remain at high levels at 6 months.

Yang et al. show an age-related increase in the microbial-derived metabolite phenylacetylglutamine that drives host cellular senescence by inducing DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction via ADR–AMPK signaling.

The domestic chicken Gallus gallus domesticus is a classic model for the study of folliculogenesis. Here the authors integrate multi-omics analyses characterizing the dynamic transcriptome and chromatin architecture in granulosa cells during chicken folliculogenesis.

The use of biomarkers of ageing is crucial for investigating age-related processes. This Review discusses biomarkers of ageing and of ageing-associated physiological changes, at the cellular, tissue and organism levels in humans and non-human primates.

Effective treatments are lacking for sepsis-related heart failure, which involves severe impairment of heart cell metabolism. Here, the authors show that blocking the protein MacroD1 preserves cellular energy production and protects against heart failure in mouse models of sepsis.

Genomic, transcriptomic and DNA methylation data from tissue samples from 208 Chinese patients with prostate cancer define the landscape of alterations in this population, and comparison with data from Western cohorts suggests that the disease may stratify into different molecular subtypes.

Crystal size effects are of vital importance to understand various properties and functions of a material but have not been reported for Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs). Here, the authors report a crystal-size-controlled synthesis of two COFs and look into different crystal size effects.

The bottom interface between perovskite and electron-transporting layer is critical for realizing efficient flexible perovskite solar cells. Here, the authors intercalate liquid crystal elastomer interlayer for aligned mesogenic assembly and achieve maximum efficiency of 23.26% with T₈₀ over 1570 h.

The regulation of oncogenic protein sulfiredoxin-1 (SRX) remains to be understood. Here the authors show that SRX is targeted for ubiquitination and degradation by Keap1, the substrate-specific adaptor of the Cullin3 RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Inactivation of Keap1 leads to accumulation of SRX and progression of colorectal cancer.

Inspired by the role of proteins in regulating eggshell mineralization, here Tao, Liu and colleagues apply trifluoroethanol modified eggshell membrane to combat lithium dendrite. Cryo-electron microscopy reveals that the growth along the most favored crystallographic direction is suppressed.

Targeting the TGF-β signaling pathway has been exploited to relieve immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Here the authors describe the design of a nanoplatform integrating the TGF-β receptor 1 inhibitor LY2157299 and the ROS-responsive JQ1 pro-drug, promoting anti-tumor immune responses in preclinical cancer models.

Recruitment of 53BP1 to double-strand DNA breaks is an important step in the cellular response to DNA damage. Here, the histone methyltransferase MMSET is shown to be responsible for localized increases in a histone modification that is involved in recruiting 53BP1. The mechanism of MMSET recruitment to DNA damage sites is also investigated.

BRCA1 is a key regulator of DNA double-strand break repair, functioning to promote homologous recombination and repress non-homologous end-joining. Here the authors show that the ubiquitin ligase UHRF1 is recruited to breaks by BRCA1, where it targets RIF1 and thereby facilitates recombination.

In BRAF mutant melanoma, inhibition of ERK1/2 induces FOXD3 and mediates RAF inhibitor resistance. Here, the authors show that ERK1/2 mediated phosphorylation regulates sumoylation of SOX10 which activates FOXD3, and depletion of SOX10 sensitises BRAF mutant melanoma cells to RAF inhibitors.

The mechanisms regulating protein lactylation, a post-translational modification, are not fully understood. Here, the authors discover that Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) acts as the primary lactyltransferase for α-tubulin, regulating microtubule dynamics.

The functional-metabolic state of macrophages fundamentally influences the tumour microenvironment, making adoptive cell therapy with pro-inflammatory macrophages an attractive anti-tumour approach. Here authors introduce pluripotent stem cell-derived CAR-macrophage that are depleted of ACOD1, an essential gene in itaconate metabolism, which reprograms them to a pro-inflammatory state enabling enhanced anti-tumour function.

Gao et al. uncover p300-induced acetylation and HDAC2-mediated deacetylation of PD-L1, which modulate its nuclear translocation to affect the expression of immune genes and the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy.