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A hierarchical Al₃Ti/Al composite with high strength and modulus at elevated temperatures is developed incorporating high-energy ball milling-controlled in-situ reaction between Ti₂AlC and Al, through activating the internal decomposition in Ti₂AlC.

Structural studies identify considerable differences in the recognition of CD1d-lipid complexes by the TCRs of type II and type I (invariant) natural killer T cells.

Many error-correction codecs for DNA data storage exist, but comparing their performance remains challenging. Here, authors systematically benchmark literature codecs across realistic error scenarios, thereby identifying the state-of-the-art and demonstrating data storage at 43 Exabyte per gram.

Chromosomal instability is a hallmark of advanced prostate cancer. In this Review, the authors discuss the biological causes and paradoxical consequences of chromosomal instability, its potential clinical role in the stratification of prostate cancer aggressiveness and the development of novel treatment strategies.

Here the authors report real-world evidence through a retrospective analysis of a multinational cohort of 1.8 M older adults showing that GLP1RAs and SGLT2 inhibitors carry lower risk for hyperkalemia than sulfonylureas. However, SGLT2 inhibitors increased risk of ketoacidosis. Findings support safety-conscious prescribing for older adults, who are often underrepresented in clinical trials.

Ribosomal Protein S15 (RPS15) is recurrently mutated in B-cell leukemia but its leukemogenic role remains unclear. Here, the authors establish mutant RPS15 as a cancer driver and reveal mechanisms by which these mutations induce translational defects, DNA damage and genomic instability that together promote leukemogenesis.

Magrinelli et al. link biallelic PSMF1 variants to phenotypes from parkinsonism to perinatal lethality, implicating proteasomal and mitochondrial dysfunction. PI31 loss in fly and mouse models causes age-dependent motor deficits and neurodegeneration.

Consortia of anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea and sulphate-reducing bacteria can grow with minimal amounts of free energy. Here, Guo et al. show that these consortia can oxidize carbon monoxide, which may help their survival in the absence of methane.

A wearable that continuously measures the concentration of a drug is demonstrated in humans.

The function of intermediate epithelial states in pulmonary fibrosis unknown. This study used RNA sensing technology to show selectively removal of alveolar epithelial stem cells trapping in an intermediate state reduced lung fibrosis.

Analysing the causal links of gene expression and protein abundance on type 2 diabetes risk in blood and seven tissues related to the disease from individuals of four ancestries, the authors advance our understanding of the genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes

Christian E. N. Petersen and colleagues propose a method to extract charge carrier density-dependent mobility from two-terminal measurements. The approach enables mobility analysis without the need for multi-terminal devices, simplifying nanowire characterization.

Exercise promotes recovery after stroke, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show that regulatory T cells enable exercise-induced repair by reducing neuronal hyperexcitability via interleukin-10, linking immunity to functional regeneration.

The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has historically been the highest among Western, high-income countries but is now increasing globally beyond these regions. Early-onset CRC (diagnosed before the age of 50 years) has been the main driver of this rise, and risk factors including dietary and lifestyle aspects, the gut microbiota and environmental contaminants have been proposed to underlie these epidemiological trends. The authors of this Review discuss the available evidence on these risk factors, highlighting how the under-representation of non-Western populations in these studies is limiting progress.

High-index dielectric materials are in great demand for nanophotonic applications. Here, the authors show that chalcogenide topological insulators are suitable candidates for dielectric nanophotonics in the infrared spectral range by reporting resonances in Bi₂Te₃ crystals sustained in the mid-infrared.

Quantum simulators offer a test bed to emulate physical phenomena that are difficult to reproduce numerically. Using a multi-element superconducting quantum circuit, Chen et al.emulate weak localization for a mesoscopic system using a control sequence that lets them continuously tune the level of disorder.

Large language models can describe and classify changing objects in astronomical images with high accuracy. This enables searches for visual features using text and introduces a new way to interact with sky survey data.

The group of Shih-Yin Tsai observed age-associated neuromuscular junction structural instability in male but not female mice which is driven by dysregulation of mTOR complex 1 activity. Genetic activation of the downstream phosphorylation target 4EBP1 in the muscle remodeled the neuromuscular junction and enhanced synaptic transmission.

Mercury (Hg) concentrations and isotopes from a deep-ocean Triassic–Jurassic (~201 Ma) boundary section provide evidence of large inputs from terrestrial organic-rich sources through combustion by magmatic sills and wildfires.

Free energy calculations are an essential tool to identify targets for individual proteins. Here, authors describe free energy perturbation (FEP+) calculations to optimise on target and off-target potencies for the discovery of potent Wee1 inhibitors with kinome-wide selectivity.

Despite being recommended, day-zero biopsies are often not performed, due to the cost and time. Here, the authors show that machine learning and donor’s basic parameters can predict the biopsy, offering a reliable virtual estimation of the day-zero biopsy findings.

Neutralizing antibody titers are considered possible correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2, but vaccine efficacy for Omicron infections is high despite reduced titers. Here, the authors investigate the relationship between neutralizing antibody titers and vaccine effectiveness/efficacy through a meta-analysis and statistical modeling.

Genetic background, plasma metabolome and dietary data from 4,215 women and 1,490 men reveal 57 metabolites whose associations with dementia risk vary by APOE4 genotype and other risk variants.

From 1980 to 2018, the levels of total and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreased in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe.

The conserved surface polysaccharide poly-β-(1,6)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (PNAG) is a promising vaccine target but antibodies raised against PNAG have shown restricted efficacy. Here, the authors describe an effective n + 2 glycosylation strategy, with control over the degree of N-acetylation, that allows the iterative assembly of partially and fully deacetylated PNAG glycans and investigate their potential as vaccine candidates.

Flash droughts that are accompanied by extreme heat drive more severe and prolonged impacts on global ecosystems, according to analysis of global reanalysis data and satellite observations.

The eye and the brain are both recognized as immune-privileged sites. Research now indicates that responses in the eye mirror those in the central nervous system (CNS), offering major implications for the treatment of CNS cancers and infections.

Soft mechanism driven robots, made via multi-material 3D printing, combine soft and rigid components for robust, adaptable locomotion. This framework balances flexibility and strength, enabling effective operation across varied terrains.