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Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

Quantum LDPC codes can shield quantum computers from decoherence with minimal overhead. In this work, the authors describe a new QLDPC family, SHYPS, as a path to practical fault tolerance with efficient Clifford circuit implementation on encoded states.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Accumulation of abnormal tau protein selectively affects specific brain cell populations in tau-related dementias. Here, the authors use single nuclei data to show how genetic risk is linked to regional vulnerability across tau dementias.

In mature mouse eggs, mitochondria move from beneath the spindle to the cortex through a narrow corridor adjacent to chromosomes. This unexpected channeling role for chromosomes, with cytoplasmic flow, explains their asymmetric distribution.

This manuscript examines structural changes in Eastern equine encephalitis virus, a major human pathogen with icosahedral organization, under febrile temperatures and acidic pH, mimicking the environmental conditions it encounters.

ADAR1, an RNA-editing enzyme, can contribute to immunotherapy resistance by suppressing interferon signaling. This study shows that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) promotes ADAR1 degradation, supporting ATRA combined with PD-L1 blockade as a potential therapeutic strategy.

Density-dependent population regulation is widespread in animals. Here, the authors identify cathepsin B cysteine protease as a crowd-responding factor that induces increased genome mutagenesis, leading competitive growth in response to overpopulation.

Synthetic cells with tardigrade protein CAHS12 mimic desiccation survival by stabilizing membranes. This study uncovers how CAHS12 preserves cell structure and suggests new applications in biomanufacturing and adaptive biointerfaces.

The MAYA trial utilized temozolomide in microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal cancers (CRC) sensitizing them to immune checkpoint inhibition. Here, the integration of spatial, transcriptomic, and immune profiling of longitudinal tumor and blood samples identify molecular determinants of therapeutic response in MSS-CRC.

The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

Researchers designed two-component proteins forming quasisymmetric cages via geometric frustration, enabling tunable virus-like assemblies for cargo delivery, cellular uptake and studying intracellular diffusion and protein localization.

PTCHD1-AS, which encodes a long non-coding RNA, is associated with the aetiology of autism spectrum disorder in humans through striatal molecular and circuit-level dysregulation.

The epigenetic control of lung development remains insufficiently understood. Here, the authors report a critical role for the chromatin remodeling canonical BAF complex in directing embryonic respiratory development.

CD4⁺ T cells play critical roles in the immune response to intracellular bacterial infection. Here the authors suggest that CD4⁺ T cells can protect in a murine model of Salmonella infection but that the protection occurs in females and is oestrogen dependent.

N-Nitrosamine cancer risk may be vastly underestimated due to adult-focused safety testing. Here, the authors reveal that younger mice are profoundly susceptible to NDMA-induced genotoxicity and tumorigenesis, and demonstrate that this risk is suppressed by DNA repair.

The proposed clinical features of traumatic encephalopathy syndrome have low predictive value for chronic traumatic encephalopathy pathology, raising significant concern for incorrect diagnoses of neurodegeneration in former athletes.

Restricting or permitting H3K27me3 spreading concentrates or dilutes canonical PRC1 (cPRC1), respectively, which affects three-dimensional chromatin interactions. Disruption of cPRC1 compromises repression of Polycomb target genes and induces differentiation and tumor regression in H3K27M-mutant glioma.

Castro-Dopico et al. report the design of reagents to bridge F-actin and Fcγ receptors, endowing a range of antigen-presenting cells with the ability to cross-present antigens from dead tumor cells and boosting antitumor immunity in preclinical models.

Endocrine therapies are the main adjuvant therapy for estrogen receptor positive breast cancer, but 30% of patients recur. Here, the authors discover that endocrine therapy upregulates Rac1 signalling component P-Rex1, and inhibition of Rac1 reduces tumour growth in refractory breast cancer models.

Here, the authors develop a repertoire of multivalent nanobodies that target key toxins in Staphylococcus aureus infection that show protective activity in murine models of sepsis and pneumonia.

Neuromorphic computing hardware normally makes an unideal trade-off between energy efficiency, scalability and reliability. Kim et al. report a ferroelectric heterostructure based memristor with near-zero nonlinearity, endurance beyond 10E7 cycles, rectifying ratio exceeding 10E6 and sub-pA off-current.

Androgens have distinct roles in the brain, acting as immune-based tumour suppressors through neuroinflammation and neuroendocrine mechanisms.

As presented at the European Congress on Obesity, this randomized, placebo-controlled trial demonstrates that oral orforglipron, a nonpeptide GLP-1 receptor agonist, preserves weight loss and cardiometabolic benefits achieved with injectable GLP-1 receptor agonist therapies, making it a viable oral maintenance strategy.

Integration of data representing 35,120 brain scans from diverse global studies enables construction of reference charts that define normative microstructural and macrostructural properties across the human lifespan for research and clinical diagnosis.

BRCA2 mutations are well known to increase cancer risk, however, the significance of many variants remains unknown. Here, the authors combine data from two saturation genome editing studies to classify a total of 5926 variants as pathogenic or benign.

Ribosomal Protein S15 (RPS15) is recurrently mutated in B-cell leukemia but its leukemogenic role remains unclear. Here, the authors establish mutant RPS15 as a cancer driver and reveal mechanisms by which these mutations induce translational defects, DNA damage and genomic instability that together promote leukemogenesis.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

Crystal structures of HIV Env trimer with native glycosylation in complex with neutralizing antibodies reveal a glycan shield of high-mannose and complex-type N-glycan and indicate a path for germline-targeting vaccine design.

Peritoneal metastasis of ovarian cancer is often accompanied by the accumulation of ascitic fluid. Here, the authors find that ascites protects ovarian cancer cells against ferroptosis, thus enabling their spread in the peritoneum.

Pathologic transformation in Kras^G12D-mutant alveolar type II cells initiates a tumour-permissive niche by orchestrating epithelial, stromal and immune reprogramming through amphiregulin–EGFR signalling, creating a self-sustaining circuit critical for lung tumour initiation and progression.

Wild meat is a fundamental component of the diets of rural Central African populations, accounting for 20% of the recommended daily protein intake, compared with 13% and 6% for those living in towns and cities.

Computationally designing proteins with interfaces that bind small molecules has posed a long-standing challenge. Here, authors combine deep learning and physics-based approaches to design proteins that bind small molecules, and demonstrate their approach by designing a cortisol biosensor.

Germ cell tumours are a complex and heterogenous type of tumour which are difficult to classify using biomarkers. Here, the authors use PhIP-seq to develop an immunosignature panel for classification.

Whole genomes of 185 atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) isolates reveal 30 LEE (locus of enterocyte effacement) subtypes in 3 major lineages, varying in insertion site preference and their complement of non-LEE encoded effector genes.

Intracranial recordings in children revealed neural signals predicting attentional lapses. Closed-loop stimulation rescued performance and scalp EEG enabled noninvasive modulation, identifying a reproducible marker of attentional control.

Bidirectional regulation of CA3 pyramidal cell excitability by two different synaptic inputs supports sequence learning by providing controlled ensemble overlap between sequential events even if they are discontinuous.

Rapid methods to identify antigen-specific T cells are essential for developing targeted immunotherapies. Here the authors present a high-throughput MHC class II single-chain trimer platform for the comprehensive profiling of CD4⁺ T cells, enabling the rapid identification and characterization of virus- and tumour-specific T cell receptors (TCR) at single-cell resolution.

A large-scale study on the replicability of claims from social and behavioural science journals reports that about half of the results replicate in the same patterns as the original study.

Natural Killer cells are key mediators of anti-tumour immunosurveillance and anti-viral immunity. Here, the authors map regulatory genetic variation in primary Natural Killer cells, providing new insights into their role in human health and disease.

Meningiomas are common brain tumors with variable behavior. This study reveals high STING expression across multiple cell types in the meningioma microenvironment. STING agonism triggers tumor cell death via programmed necrosis and pyroptosis, enhancing survival in preclinical models.

The study identifies novel genetic variants linked to core cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer’s Disease biomarkers using a genome-wide analysis, showing how endophenotypes can identify genes and disease mechanisms not captured by case-control studies.