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This study reveals how understory forest plants in the Central Amazon adapt their nutrient acquisition strategies in response to elevated atmospheric CO₂, based on an in situ open-top chamber experiment. To support the CO₂ fertilization effect, plants adjust contrasting strategies to extract nutrients from litter and soil layers. This process intensifies competition between plants and microbes and may lead to declines in soil organic phosphorus, with important implications for carbon–phosphorus dynamics and the resilience of forests under climate change.

Each valley of the mini-Brillouin zone ("mini valley") of twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) contains two Dirac cones that hybridize to form flat bands. Theory predicts that these two Dirac cones have the same chirality, leading to topological obstruction. Here, the authors confirm this prediction experimentally.

Copy number variants linked to brain disorders and cancer are caused by replication stress. Here, the authors show that recurrent DNA-break clusters act as common initiating lesions that drive these variants, causing permanent structural genome diversification.

Voluntary deference to prestigious individuals is a unique feature of human social life. Here, the authors show that human prestige psychology can promote marked-yet-adaptive inequalities in influence while remaining non-coercive.

ATF6α activation in human and preclinical models of hepatocellular carcinoma is significantly associated with an aggressive tumour phenotype characterized by reduced survival, glycolytic reprogramming and local immunosuppression.

Mechanical response of semiconducting polymers affects their electrical properties, yet the detail remains elusive. Zhong et al. examine the multiscale structural evolution of conjugated polymer thin films during uniaxial deformation and link it to mechanical resilience and solar cell performance.

Here, authors studied friction of a single atom sliding over individual chemical bonds and found that the maximum sliding friction varies over different bonds. Simulations showed this depends on bond order, revealing a way to chemically tune friction

Fatigue is a common side effect of treatment in prostate cancer. Here, the authors carried out a genome wide association study to find correlations between genetic loci and risk of fatigue.

At Jupiter, isolated auroral patches have long been linked to particle injections from the magnetosphere. Here, the authors show that plasma waves can also scatter electrons into the atmosphere, triggering precipitation and producing aurora.

FOXA1 is a master suppressor of prostate cancer tumorigenesis and lineage plasticity. Here, the authors discover that FOXA1 loss in mice drives basal-squamous de-differentiation and remodels the tumor microenvironment characterized by immunosuppressive myeloid cell accumulation and T-cell dysfunction.

LHAASO has detected γ-ray emission with a spectrum extending to 2 PeV from the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by PSR J1849-0001, indicating an extreme particle acceleration efficiency and challenging the current particle acceleration theories.

Morphological and stable isotope analysis of Early Triassic lycophyte leaves suggest they were similar to extant Isoetales and thus may have made use of crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis—a trait that may have been advantageous during the Permian–Triassic mass extinction.

This study reveals that declining anthropogenic aerosols can amplify the weakening of the Northern Hemisphere Hadley circulation, highlighting the critical role of aerosol reductions in driving tropical circulation changes in the 21st century.

Identification of genetic variants associated with the efficacy and side effects of GLP1 medications could underpin development of precision medicine approaches in the treatment of obesity.

Here, the authors investigate coffee’s impact on the microbiota–gut–brain axis and assess whether these effects occur independently of caffeine in healthy participants from two clinical trials.

An oriented spin space group description is proposed that unifies the spin space group and magnetic space group frameworks, enabling a comprehensive symmetry classification of the magnetic materials on a large scale and identifying spin–orbit magnetism as a distinct phase.

Polymer thin films that emit and absorb circularly polarised light are promising in achieving important technological advances, but the origin of the large chiroptical effects in such films has remained elusive. Here the authors demonstrate that in non-aligned polymer thin films, large chiroptical effects are caused by magneto-electric coupling, not structural chirality as previously assumed.

The electronic behaviour of complex oxides such as LaNiO₃ depends on many intrinsic and extrinsic factors, making it challenging to identify microscopic mechanisms. Here the authors demonstrate the influence of oxygen vacancies on the thickness-dependent metal-insulator transition of LaNiO₃ films.

Gram-negative bacteria use diverse virulence factors to infect eukaryotic cells. Here, the authors perform structure-function analyses on the S. negevensis deSUMOylase SnCE1 and provide mechanistic insights how lysine acetylation reprograms virulence adjusting it to the host cells’ metabolic state.

Using advanced MRI modeling, this study found distinct spatial and pathophysiological signatures in vascular- and neurodegeneration-related white matter hyperintensities, clarifying their interpretation using clinically translatable methods.

N-desethyl-fluornitrazene is a µ-opioid receptor agonist derived from nitazenes that has supramaximal intrinsic efficacy that produces analgesia with minimal adverse effects in rodent models.

Time-resolved cryo-electron microscopy during activation of Gα_i1βγ and Gα₁₁βγ heterotrimers bound to NTSR1 enables isolation of multiple transient complexes along the activation pathway and reveals structural motifs that stabilize these intermediates.

Researchers report a solid that is amorphous in two dimensions but crystalline in the third, made of stacked disordered atomic layers. This shows that crystalline and amorphous order can coexist within a single material depending on direction.

Momentum-entangled atom pairs are used to demonstrate quantum non-locality, where changing one atom in an entangled pair instantly alters the state of the other atom. This result paves the way to study interactions between quantum states and gravity.

This Protocol describes a statistical tool for differential protein expression analysis in quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics (DEqMS). It can be applied to both data-dependent and data-independent acquisition workflows.

Age-related microbiome changes increase medium-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, driving GPR84-mediated myeloid inflammation, impaired vagal signalling and hippocampal dysfunction; targeting this gut–brain pathway restores memory in aged mice.

Mapping DNA variants that modulate mortality using a starting population of 6,438 young mice defined 29 distinct loci that influence lifespan and mortality with divergent age- and sex-specific effects, as well as 30 loci that specifically couple body mass with longevity.

Analyses of leukocyte telomere length in All of Us identify associations with various lifestyle, socioeconomic and disease traits. Genome-wide analyses combining All of Us with UK Biobank data discover new loci contributing to telomere length variation.

In vivo regulation of neuronal lipid droplet formation mediates whole-body energy homeostasis in a sex-specific manner in Drosophila and mice.

Consortia of anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea and sulphate-reducing bacteria can grow with minimal amounts of free energy. Here, Guo et al. show that these consortia can oxidize carbon monoxide, which may help their survival in the absence of methane.

Ozone-depleting substances (ODS) are banned from emissive uses. However, they are still allowed to be used as feedstocks and ODS emissions from this source have been higher than assumed. This could delay the recovery of the stratospheric ozone layer.

Catabolism of extracellular glutathione by γ-glutamyltransferases supports tumour growth and survival, and pharmacological targeting of these enzymes slows tumour growth.

This study analyses whole-genome sequencing data of cancer samples from 10,983 patients and explores relationships among mutational signatures, various biomarkers and clinical outcomes.

Decreased brain volumes and increased NfL levels can be observed earlier than disease diagnosis in short-tandem-repeat-associated neurological diseases.

DNA damage burden and inadequate repair in CUX2⁺ cortical layer 2/3 excitatory neurons contributes to selective vulnerability in neuroinflammatory injury.

Radiocarbon analyses show that dryland soils store organic carbon with a mean age of ~2100 years and release carbon averaging ~520 years old, suggesting that long-stored carbon in drylands is vulnerable to environmental change.

A single-cell multiomic atlas of the human maternal–fetal interface across pregnancy reveals cell types, states and spatial niches, developmental tissue architectures and transcriptional programmes, and identifies cell types with roles in pre-eclampsia, spontaneous preterm birth and miscarriage.

The two species of African elephants are facing severe declines. Here, authors assess their continent-wide genomic diversity, identifying differences in their evolutionary histories and highlighting the formative role of gene flow.

XRISM spectroscopy of the nucleus of the Circinus galaxy indicates elemental abundances suggestive of a dominant enrichment from core-collapse supernovae with progenitors below 20 solar masses; more massive stars may directly collapse into black holes.

Biomolecules can control biochemical reactions via droplets of macromolecules known as condensates. Here, it is shown that oxygen is partially excluded from such condensates due to the high concentration of macromolecules.

Using large-scale genetics and Genomic SEM/E-SEM, the study shows broad shared genetic risk between many physical illnesses and internalizing, neurodevelopmental, and substance-use disorders, revealing a transdiagnostic illness factor and cross-cutting disease pathways.

This study shows that patterns of brain connectivity predict how well individuals learn and unlearn information. Different types of connections were linked to learning and extinction, offering insights that may help guide personalised treatments for mental health disorders.

Nutritional effects can alter organismal phenotypes and influence trait inheritance over generations. This study shows that bacteria-derived vitamin B12 induces a predatory mouth form and its transgenerational memory in a developmentally plastic nematode. This effect acts through increased vitellogenin transcription and nutrient provisioning.

The study identifies novel genetic variants linked to core cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer’s Disease biomarkers using a genome-wide analysis, showing how endophenotypes can identify genes and disease mechanisms not captured by case-control studies.

In mice, a low-protein diet leads to a gut-microbiota-driven remodelling of adipose tissue towards brown fat, showing that gut microorganisms have a role in detecting and responding to a lack of protein.

A new cerebrospinal fluid biomarker, AcTau174, was elevated in frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TAR DNA-binding protein (FTLD-TDP), distinguishing this pathology from FTLD-Tau, and was associated with disease severity and progression in FTLD-TDP.

This protocol describes the use of OaAEP1, an ultrafast transpeptidase that naturally forms backbone cyclic peptides in plants, for an expanded range of reactions that can be used to modify proteins and peptides at a specific terminus or side chain.

A cluster-randomized trial in rural Tanzania showed that a sustainable housing design reduced incidences of malaria, diarrhea, acute respiratory infections and stunting in children under 5 years of age compared to traditional homes.