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Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

Polyamines prevent the action of kinases on acidic phosphorylatable motifs in spliceosomal proteins, thus providing a mechanism for metabolite-mediated regulation of alternative splicing in cells.

This study shows that high-molecular weight tau has enhanced seeding capacity, and seeding differences can define molecular subtypes of progressive supranuclear palsy, underpinning the disease’s heterogeneity.

Here, as part of the Sherlock-Lung study, the authors profile the microbiomes of 940 lung cancers in never smokers finding no significant associations with demographic and clinical features, suggesting lung bacteria are unlikely to have a sizable role in lung cancer.

Lung adenocarcinomas bearing the ID2 mutational signature display increased LINE-1 retrotransposon activity, which contributes to their fast evolutionary dynamics and aggressive phenotype.

Analyses of the exposomes of populations across 40 countries found global disparities in healthy aging attributed to diverse biological, socioeconomic and political factors, with accelerated aging seen in populations from Egypt, South Africa, and Latin American and Caribbean regions.

Physicians face high rates of common mental disorders (CMDs) and suicidality, yet effective interventions remain underexplored. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizing the latest evidence on interventions finds that a range of physician-directed interventions reduces symptoms of CMD and that these moderate effects are maintained over time.

The social exposome—lifelong social and economic adversity—can shape brain health and dementia risk. Here, the authors show that an adverse social exposome is linked to poorer clinical, cognitive, and brain changes in Latin American older adults.

A spectroscopic study of ⁷⁸Ni confirms its doubly magic nature and reveals it as a stronghold beyond which the magic numbers 28 and 50 break down because of competing deformation.

The electronic ground state of a correlated oxide interface is reversibly switched by light. Stemming from interfacial reconstructions, electrostatic confinement and photodoping, this effect opens a path towards engineering the optical response of oxides.

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are tissue-resident immune cells recognizing lipid antigens. Here the authors find that liver, but not lung nor spleen, iNKT cells alter their transcriptome upon systemic treatment of lipid nanoparticles for the induction of regulatory B cells and suppression of liver and pancreas autoimmunity in mouse models.

An analysis of data from the Sherlock-Lung study provides insight into the mutational processes that contribute to lung cancer in never smokers, and looks at the possible role of factors such as air pollution and passive smoking.

Machine learning models showed that social disparities, cardiometabolic disease and mental health were the main predictors of aging in Latin American populations, with these factors being more pronounced in low- and middle-income compared to high-income Latin American countries.

A precise structure measurement of liquid carbon at pressures of around 1 million atmospheres obtained by in situ X-ray diffraction at an X-ray free-electron laser shows a complex fluid with transient bonding and approximately four nearest neighbours on average.

Many bacteria live in close association with eukaryotic hosts, exhibiting detrimental, neutral or beneficial effects on host growth and health. Here, the authors present a streamlined computational workflow for bacterial genome annotation, large-scale comparative genomics, and prediction of genes potentially involved in niche adaptation.

The future of marine ecosystem function under global change may be predicted by examining past trends. Here, the authors examine mass marine mortality data from 389 benthic Mediterranean species (1986–2020), highlighting heightened vulnerability within specific trait categories.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

The authors present a theoretical treatment demonstrating that NMR experiments on chiral molecules can reveal enantioselective nuclear J-couplings due to bond polarization and spin-orbit interaction. This also aids in understanding chirality-induced phenomena more generally and their applications.

A study reports the development of a structural derivative of amphotericin B with broad antifungal activity in mice but without the renal toxicity associated with amphotericin B.

The lineage of human epicardium is studied using time course single-cell analysis of epicardioids.

The high temperatures required for oxygen ion conductivity have hampered the development of practical applications of ionic conductors. Now superlattices made of yttria-stabilized zirconia and strontium titanate show promise for room-temperature devices.

Cathepsins are relevant therapeutic targets in cancer and other diseases. Here, the authors developed a different approach to block the activity of cathepsins in specific cellular contexts by combining non-natural peptide inhibitors with antibodies, enhancing therapeutic efficacy while reducing side effects.

An integrated electro-optic frequency comb that combines microwave integrated circuits with a photonic circuit based on lithium tantalate leads to broadband operation with low power requirements.

RMC-7977, a compound that exhibits potent inhibition of the active states of mutant and wild-type KRAS, NRAS and HRAS variants has a strong anti-tumour effect on RAS-addicted tumours and is well tolerated in preclinical models.

Regulatory T cells (T_reg) develop in the thymus via two pathways including CD25⁻Foxp3^lo and CD25⁺Foxp3⁻ cells. Here, the authors show that lymphotoxin acts as an inhibitory checkpoint of thymic T_reg development, fine-tuning the Foxp3^lo precursor pathway by limiting IL-4 production in medullary thymic epithelial cells.

Narcolepsy has genetic and environmental risk factors, but the specific genetic risk loci and interaction with environmental triggers are not well understood. Here, the authors identify genetic loci for narcolepsy, suggesting infection as a trigger and dendritic and helper T cell involvement.

Under total internal reflection light acquires a phase shift that depends on its polarisation. Here, the authors show that this effect can be harnessed to generate so-called vector vortex beams—light with polarization and phase singularities—when white light is back-reflected from a glass cone

A small-molecule iron mobilizer, FeM-1269, minimally higher-order aggregates in aqueous media and effectively mobilizes iron across a range of concentrations. FeM-1269-promoted iron mobilization restores physiology in animals at well-tolerated doses.

A diverse, multidisciplinary panel of 386 experts in COVID-19 response from 112 countries provides health and social policy actions to address inadequacies in the pandemic response and help to bring this public health threat to an end.

Swanton and colleagues present a clonal expression signature, ORACLE, which, in combination with clinicopathological and molecular risk factors, can predict survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma, and they prospectively validate its prognostic value.

Designing efficient photonic neuromorphic systems remains a challenge. Here, the authors develop a new class of memristor sensitive to the dual electro-optical history obtained by exploiting electrochemical, photovoltaic and photo-assisted oxygen ion motion effects at a high temperature superconductor / semiconductor interface.