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What dinosaurs ate reveals how they adapted climate change-induced shifts in vegetation. Plus, antimatter goes on the road and India’s solar-observation mission tracks fireball from the sun.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Engagement-based feeds amplify intergroup, moralized, emotional (IME) and toxic content relative to reverse-chronological feeds, and a diversified extremity algorithm reduces exposure to IME and toxic content while maintaining comparable platform enjoyment.

As tissues age, mutant clones carrying driver mutations expand, yet the abundance of these variants in normal tissues suggests that fitness-based selection is often uncoupled from malignancy. Cheek et al. introduce a framework that disentangles clonal success from true carcinogenic potential, showing that fitness and fate are not synonymous.

MaAsLin 3 is a comprehensive and flexible framework for microbiome association studies with expanded toolsets of statistical models, tests and types of inference.

Robustness checks and reproduction of analyses with existing and updated data based on 110 articles in economics and political science journals with data and code-sharing requirements found high levels of robustness and reproducibility and determined that robustness was not dependent on author characteristics or data availability.

Genetic analyses in more than 15,000 individuals from across the Americas, including individuals with autism and family members, define the genetic landscape of autism in Latin American populations and identify significant overlap with other ancestries.

Salladay-Perez and colleagues explore senescence induction in human and mouse macrophages using multiomic profiling. They characterize a p21⁺TREM2⁺ senescent macrophage population, which they functionally implicate in inflammaging and liver disease.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

CASP5 expression is restricted to the human intestinal epithelium, and the CASP5C isoform has a key role in promoting Wnt signalling, which is required for epithelial homeostasis, through binding to dishevelled and cleavage of APC to regulate β-catenin turnover.

The aorta and other blood vessels seem to age more quickly than other organs. Plus, an unexpected ingredient in a Neanderthal’s diet and how developing food systems for space missions could benefit people on Earth.

High-quality genome assembly of diploid Rosa chinensis and resequencing of major genotypes highlights the origin of modern rose cultivars and provides insights into color biosynthesis and scent pathways.

The highs and lows of looking for ‘the one’ during a PhD. Plus, mice with a human gene grow bigger-than-usual brains and reptiles might have evolved 35 million years earlier than we thought.

The structure of the taste receptor responsible for sweetness has finally been mapped out. Plus, the intricate patterns of cells in mouse brains illuminated with just a light microscope and a class of drugs offering hope for rare children's cancers.

High-throughput proteomics reveals shared and distinct protein signatures of cerebral small-vessel disease, linking vascular, immune and neuronal pathways to its pathophysiology, and identifying plasma proteins predicting cerebrovascular events.

Global Burden of Disease estimates show that between 1990 and 2023, the prevalence and burden of drug use disorders, inclusive of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use, have been increasing in high-income countries, particularly in the USA.

Some scientists are celebrating the retraction of the ‘arsenic life’ paper, but the authors say that it’s unwarranted. Plus, a jeopardized telescope could find a home in Europe and some penguins take advantage of energy-efficient routes across the ocean.

Challenging a central assumption in chemical ecology, we show that polyphagous fruit flies do not rely solely on volatiles shared across hosts: compounds specific to particular hosts shape oviposition choice via finely tuned olfactory mechanisms.

Here, using anatomy, transcriptomics, and functional assays, the authors reveal how Japanese wisteria climb using an unusual vascular architecture. Ectopic cambia arise from cortical cells and repurpose conserved cambium regulators, including KNOX genes.

The APOE-ε4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, but it is not deterministic. Here, the authors show that common genetic variation changes how APOE-ε4 influences cognition.

Therapeutic checkpoint for acute myeloid leukemia requires further investigations. The authors here identify ST2⁺ Treg cells facilitate AML growth by inducing CD8⁺ T cell depletion and exhaustion, while targeting ST2 by antibodies depletes ST2⁺ Treg cells and improves AML prognosis.

Vassy, Dornisch and colleagues developed a genomics-based prostate cancer risk model to support a randomized clinical trial of precision screening in a national healthcare system.

Wastewater-based surveillance tends to focus on specific pathogens. Here, the authors mapped the wastewater virome from 62 cities worldwide to identify over 2,500 viruses, revealing city-specific virome fingerprints and showing that wastewater metagenomics enables early detection of emerging viruses.

Borgs are remarkably large, divergent archaeal extrachromosomal elements with metabolic genes linked to the methane cycle.

Myeloid cells contribute to the etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS), but the dynamics of myelopoiesis during disease progression is still unclear. Here the authors show, in both mouse models and clinical data, that myelopoiesis is differentially regulated via M-CSF modulation in different organs at distinct stages of MS, with diet and lifestyle being potential modifiers.

Borgs are huge extrachromosomal elements associated with anaerobic methane-consuming archaea. Here, the authors use nanopore sequencing to identify new Borgs from peatland soil and their hosts, uncover their DNA modifications and activities, and elucidate the evolutionary relationships of Borgs.

Amino acids possess a new and broad colloidal property: they stabilize patchy nanoscale colloids, such as proteins, by adsorbing onto their surfaces through weak interactions.

Recent estimates of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) intake are generally unavailable. Here the authors show a global SSBs intake of 2.7 servings/week in 2018 in adults (range: 0.7 South Asia, 7.8 Latin America/Caribbean); intakes were higher among males, younger, more educated, and urban adults.

Networks of miniaturized magnetoelectric wireless implantable devices can be individually powered and controlled by a single transmitter, show power and transfer data efficiencies that scale with the number of receivers and be used for spinal cord stimulation and cardiac pacing in large animals.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.