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This study shows that increasing space per person from 2 to 32 m³ can dramatically reduce airborne infection risk from illnesses like COVID-19, even under poor ventilation. Updated ventilation and spaciousness standards are needed.

Maternal obesity is a risk factor for developing chronic kidney disease in the offspring later in life. Here the authors study male offspring in a mouse model of maternal obesity and identify dysregulated metabolism due to disrupted crosstalk between proximal tubules and macrophages as an important mechanism.

A randomised trial in metformin-treated type 2 diabetes found once-weekly efsubaglutide improved HbA1c and fasting glucose, reduced weight, and enhanced meal-stimulated insulin secretion with mainly mild GI side effects.

The role of the tRNAome in virus-host interaction is poorly understood. Here, the authors report a dual role of the host tRNAome showing that it is remodeled by IFN-α to regulate antiviral defenses, yet can be exploited by hepatitis viruses to benefit infection, particularly when host antiviral responses are not induced.

Replicating the human brain’s imaginative ability has long been a core AI goal, yet current systems remain limited in speed and efficiency. Yang et al. present a hardware platform based on resistive memory, enabling high-speed, low-power AI content generation while fully preserving output quality.

This study finds that the most dangerous tick-borne viruses infect many tick and animal species, boosting their chances of reaching humans. Bird migration helps spread them worldwide, and genetic adaptation may increase their ability to infect people.

Acidic CO₂ reduction typically requires high K⁺ to suppress hydrogen evolution, which can cause salt precipitation and system instability. Here, the authors report a porous SnO₂ sponge that traps OH⁻ ions, enabling stable and highly efficient formic acid production at low K⁺ concentrations.

The crystal phase of metal nanocatalysts critically influences their catalytic performance, yet the atomic-scale mechanisms underlying their phase-dependent reactivity remain poorly understood. Using operando gas-cell transmission electron microscopy, here the authors directly correlate the crystal structure of Ru nanoparticles with their catalytic behavior during CO oxidation.

Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

Electronic skins are capable to monitor stimuli such as temperature and pressure, though they are susceptible to crosstalk diminishing sensitivity. Here the authors report a mechanically and electronically hybrid network using vanadium oxide and liquid metal particles to optimize selectivity and sensitivity.

This study delineates lifespan changes in the sensorimotor-association gradient using multimodal neuroimaging data from 33,247 participants, revealing a pattern aligned with evolutionary, structural, and cognitive hierarchies within a unified neurodevelopmental framework.

Bispecific immune cell engagers show limited efficacy in glioblastoma (GBM) therapy due to poor T cell infiltration and restricted drug penetration. Here this group reports a multifunctional lipid nanoparticle platform that enables brain tumor–targeted delivery and sustained in vivo expression of mRNA encoding a bispecific macrophage engager for GBM treatment.

The authors demonstrate efficient trion modulation in MoS₂ enabled by plasmonic HfN gates. A photoluminescence modulation depth of ~24% was achieved over large tunable surface areas.

Chern ferromagnetism is established in twisted bilayer MoTe₂ devices at large twist angles. Here, the authors observe evidence of antiferromagnetic ground states with zero Hall resistance at an intermediate twist angle around three degrees, demonstrating the sensitivity of the magnetic ground state.

Skeletal muscle fiber type is key to metabolic health. Zhou et al. reveal that the protein BRD4 dictates muscle fiber identity, blocking it promotes energy-burning slow fibers and prevents obesity in mice, offering a new target for metabolic disease.

A programmable photonic quantum processor, Jiuzhang 4.0, incorporates 1,024 high-efficiency squeezed states into a hybrid spatial–temporal encoded 8,176-mode circuit.

The annealing process introduces strain into the perovskite and undermines the stability of the solar cells. Xiaofeng Gao et al. address this issue by using a meltable additive, 1,4-butanesultam, to relieve strain and improve operational stability.

This study shows that novelty exposure alleviates pain and anxiety in mice by activating a specific ensemble of neurons in the lateral hypothalamus, revealing distinct neural circuits that mediate the therapeutic benefits of attention distraction.

An ALMA polarization survey towards 30 massive star-forming regions reveals that chaotic turbulence, rather than ordered magnetism, governs the formation of stellar cluster seeds, reshaping our understanding of how the most massive stars are born.

This study decodes gapless genomes for three water lily species, discovering genetic keys to fertilization, floral colour and scent, and offering a molecular roadmap for how early flowering plants evolved and conquered the planet.

Bioelectronics based on a three-dimensional topological interpenetrating architecture reinforced with covalent chemical anchoring can be used for long-term electrophysiological recording, electrical stimulation and electrochemical sensing in body locations subjected to constant movement.

Sivanandam et al., conduct a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the systemic immunostimulatory and antiviral effects of the aminoglycoside gentamicin. Gentamicin induces modest activation of systemic innate immune responses, but it is insufficient to control systemic viral infection.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

Moiré patterns have revolutionized the study of emergent phenomena in electronic and photonic systems, yet most research has focused on periodic structures. Here, the authors demonstrate that non-periodic photonic structures can also host rich moiré states, revealing tunable optical states and expanding the potential of moiré photonics beyond traditional superlattice designs.

A printable meta-assembly comprising polystyrene embedded in a polydimethylsiloxane matrix used in roll-to-roll additive nanoprinting is described for the fabrication of highly tunable optical architectures that can span seven orders of magnitude in length.

The balance of osteoblasts and osteoclasts is critical for osteogenesis and long-term bone health. Here they identify an osteogenic regulatory axis involving a STAT3-bound enhancer of Etv4, providing insights into the regulation of bone formation.

Lesion-targeted immune modulation is a feasible strategy to control cardiac fibrosis, and engineered dendritic cells are a promising therapeutic platform for treating cardiac remodelling and heart failure.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

LHAASO has detected γ-ray emission with a spectrum extending to 2 PeV from the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by PSR J1849-0001, indicating an extreme particle acceleration efficiency and challenging the current particle acceleration theories.

The DAMPE satellite observed a universal charge-dependent spectral softening in primary cosmic rays, and ruled out mass-dependent softening with >99.999% confidence.

Façade-integrated photovoltaics (FIPV) present a promising yet early-stage solution for mitigating building emissions. Combining global building datasets, climate projections and façade-scale simulations, researchers estimate that FIPV could deliver substantial economic and climate benefits.

The existence of a long-lived, prethermal regime in many-body systems with tunable heating rates, driven by structured random protocols, is observed using a 78-qubit superconducting quantum processor.

Moiré superlattices are a versatile platform for studying emergent electron and quantum phenomena. Here, the authors demonstrate moiré superlattice formation in complex oxide-WS₂ heterostructures across varying twist angles.

A computational ‘information co-evolution’ framework is developed for the discovery of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for hydrogen peroxide photosynthesis. By integrating cross-level feature fusion with data augmentation and ensemble modelling, this strategy overcomes challenges in structural representation and data limitations, enabling the identification of high-performance COF candidates and the discovery of important structural motifs.

In vivo base editing of a causative mutation that leads to the neurodevelopmental disorder Snijders Blok–Campeau syndrome restores protein dosage and ameliorates molecular and behavioural deficits in a humanized mouse model of the condition.

Dong and colleagues report that blockade of T cell-expressed cytotoxic and regulatory T cell molecule results in selective mitigation of immune-related toxicities without affecting antitumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Here authors show that isolating interconnected channels in metal-organic frameworks eliminates inefficient molecular shuttling, greatly improving diffusion and separation performance. The strategy enhances isomer separation and material stability.

Treatment failure exists in Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) patients. Here this group reports a phase 2 randomized trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of adding nimotuzumab, to CCRT on 246 patients with untreated, non-keratinising, stage II–IVA LA-NPC.

This study reports that genomic signatures composed of the loss of pluripotency inhibitors, expansion of pluripotency activators and maintenance of an epigenetically permissive state contribute to the plantlet formation in Kalanchoe.