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Lithium||sulfur batteries are limited by sluggish solid-state sulfur conversion. Here, authors investigate spin-state transitions as a key kinetic barrier and design a spin-regulated catalyst that accelerates sulfur conversion, suppresses polysulfide shuttling, and enables high-capacity pouch cells.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune condition and treatment options have limited efficacy. Here, by analysis clinical samples and employing preclinical models, the authors show that cGAMP levels are elevated in the plasma of patients with SLE and that loss of cGAS ameliorates symptoms in an imiquimod-induced lupus model. Importantly, they identify prasugel as a cGAS inhibitor with promising therapeutic potential.

Extreme environments host diverse microbes, yet their global diversity remains underexplored. Here, the authors analyze both isolate genomes and metagenomes from various extreme habitats to construct a microbial genomic catalog, and use protein language models to identify antimicrobial peptides active against drug-resistant pathogens.

Molecular devices offer the potential for the scalability and energy efficiency required to develop energy-sustainable AI. Zhang et al. report a single-molecule neuromorphic device that consumes 6.34 aJ per operation and support both short-term to long-term memory, featuring over 10 distinct conductance states.

The authors identify Npr1 as a nucleophagy receptor in fission yeast that acts redundantly with Epr1 to degrade nuclear components. Tethering chromatin to the inner nuclear membrane blocks nucleophagy, suggesting a genome protection mechanism.

Ischemic stroke involves complex peripheral and central pathologies. Here, authors develop a spatially tiered strategy using dual stiffness nanoparticles for compartment-specific drug delivery, offering a synergistic treatment paradigm.

Converting syngas into high-value long-chain alcohols is a major industrial challenge due to poor product selectivity. This study achieves 80% selectivity through a modular catalytic design that boosts carbon efficiency while minimizing waste.

High yield and wide adaptation rice are crucial for grain supply and food security. Here the authors report OsPI4Kγ7 which contributes to different “adaptability-yield” trade-offs in japonica and indica, and provides an alternative breeding strategy for raising grain yield in different latitudes.

Self-assembled hole-selective molecules can enable high performance in perovskite solar cells, but controlling the hole extraction efficiency is challenging. Tianyu Li et al. address this by designing molecules that adopt a quasi-random orientation on the substrate.

Li et al. identify small spherical vesicles budding from plant multivesicular bodies as likely retrograde carriers and demonstrate that SNX proteins drive their formation, revealing a distinct mechanism for protein recycling during plant development.

Meiotic sex chromosome inactivation is essential for spermatogenesis, but how transcription is silenced after initiation remains unclear. Here, authors show that nucleolar components NPM1, SENP3 and rRNA form a phase-separated compartment that excludes RNA polymerase II to enforce XY chromosome silencing.

Hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer lacks defined treatment options following CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) failure. Here, the authors present a phase Ib clinical trial where the CDK4/6i dalpiciclib is combined with the histone deacetylase inhibitor chidamide in this setting.

This work reports the discovery of a giant in-plane Hall effect in a nonmagnetic half Heusler compound, demonstrating magneto-cubic behavior over a wide temperature range and identifying extrinsic mechanisms as the dominant origin.

Supported noble metal catalysts are vital for industrial, environmental, and energy applications, but precisely tuning active-site geometry remains challenging beyond conventional particle size control. Here, the authors present a perovskite-based surface defect engineering strategy that enables atomic-level regulation of noble metal active sites for improved hydrocarbon oxidation.

The unfolded protein response is activated at the ER due to protein misfolding. Here the authors show that in Magnaporthe oryzae, the plasma membrane localized MoPh1 protein perceives stress through ER-PM contact sites and stimulates autophagy to support stress relief.

BMP–Smad signaling is essential for mammalian primordial germ cell (PGC) fate specification, but whether BMP signaling functions in the zebrafish germline remains elusive. Here they show that BMP signaling is required for PGC proliferation but not fate specification.

A “confined molecular encapsulation” strategy enables one-step fabrication of biomimetic ion-selective membranes. The in-situ formed MOFs with tunable sizes facilitate highly precise ion differentiation.

Developing efficient battery electrolytes is a slow and complex challenge. Here, authors create a deep active learning framework that rapidly identifies high-performance materials and transfers knowledge to new designs, tripling battery lifespan while requiring significantly fewer experiments.

Natural variation in the promoter of OsTPS8 contributes to differences in grain chalkiness and seed vigor between indica and japonica rice subspecies by altering trehalose-6-phosphate biosynthesis and α-amylase levels.

Room-temperature multiferroic materials are highly demanded for designing next-generation of spintronic devices. Here, the authors demonstrate an emergent room-temperature ferrimagnetism and polar phase in highly strained La₂CoRuO₆ epitaxial films through engineered 3d−4d cation ordering.

Here, the authors demonstrate that Inhibiting PTBP1 corrects E2A splicing imbalance, reprograms muscle cell development, and rescues defective muscle regeneration in a Duchenne muscular dystrophy mouse model.

Zinc isotopes in basalts along a 1,100-km transect of the Gakkel Ridge record widespread mantle recycling of surface carbonates via ancient oceanic subduction, explaining the unusually carbon-rich nature of the Arctic asthenosphere.

Microalgae‑based hydrogen production faces challenges including oxygen sensitivity, high water demand, and low efficiency. The authors develop a symbiotic hydrogel system that enhances hydrogen production by using coaxial 3D bioprinting to spatially separate microalgae and bacteria.

The immune mechanism of radioresistance in cancer patients remains to be explored. The authors here show that CXCL13 is upregulated in tumor regions upon radiation, which recruits immune suppressive CXCR5⁺ monocytes. Blocking CXCR5/CXCL13 interactions facilitate tumor control following radiation.

The thermoelectric performance of rhombohedral GeTe-based material is boosted by the TiB₂ nanoparticle-induced interfacial constraint effect that results in reduced equivalent deformation potential and substantial interfacial thermal resistance.

SLCO4C1 is known for regulating kidney diseases. This study showed SLCO4C1 regulates hepatic cAMP uptake to suppress lipogenesis in MASLD. Targeting this pathway by FGF21 or forskolin suppressed lipogenesis.

A hallmark of the interaction between flat band and dispersive band states in quantum materials is the flat band resonance. Here, the authors report the observation of a flat band resonance in the kagome bilayer material CsCr₆Sb₆ originating from the doublet kagome bands of the bilayer unit.

Neural mechanisms underlying social behavior are not fully understood. Here authors show two lateral septum neuron types in male mice that bidirectionally regulate social memory via distinct hippocampal-hypothalamic circuits.

The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is central to immunotherapy, but PD-L1 recycling limits durable responses. This study identifies TM9SF2 as a key regulator of PD-L1 trafficking and shows that disrupting its PGK1-dependent complex depletes PD-L1 and enhances antitumor immunity.

The practical application of high-concentration electrolytes are promising candidates for high-energy-density lithium metal batteries is hindered by sluggish ionic transfer and high costs. Here, authors show an interfacial high-concentration electrolyte (5 M LiTFSI) at the Li anode surface, maintaining a 1 M in the bulk, enabling a 506 Wh/kg Li-metal 6.8 Ah-pouch cell.

Here, the authors report the fabrication of broadband flexible photodetectors based on composite graphene-copper phthalocyanine heterojunctions, showing that a moderate external pressure can enhance the performance of the devices. The detectors were also applied for simultaneous contact sensing and non-contact perception as electronic skin sensors.

Elevated exposure to 4-hydroxyphenanthrene (4-OHPhe) is positively associated with obesity risk. Here, the authors show that exposure to 4-OHPhe downregulates expression of hydroxylamine reductase genes in Bacteroides uniformis, leading to altered gut microbiota-bile acid-FXR axis and suppression of adipose thermogenesis.

This randomized open-label trial shows that hemoadsorption combined with hemodialysis reduces all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and cardiovascular events in patients with end-stage kidney disease compared to hemodialysis (mainly low-flux hemodialysis plus intermittent hemodiafiltration) alone.

Tuning the emission of metal nanoclusters is a challenge. Here, the authors report on solvation-induced isomerization and modulation of electron transfer dynamics to achieve controllable emission across the entire visible range.

This cohort study demonstrates that the risk of stroke negatively associates with the level of intrinsic capacity. Notably, among adults aged 80 years and above, higher intrinsic capacity is significantly linked to a lower incidence of stroke.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity exacerbates immune complications in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Here, the authors utilize multi-omics and immune phenotyping data and show that CMV seropositivity induces pro-inflammatory cytokines and further identify FCRL6 as a potential biomarker for immune activation.

Multi-trait genetic analysis in East Asians identifies a novel gastric cancer risk locus shared with cardiovascular traits and shows that this variant modulates regulation of nearby genes, including VEZT, with functional effects on gastric cancer cell behaviour.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a highly lethal cancer with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. This study identifies Prolyl 3- hydroxylase 1 (P3H1) as a critical regulator of PDAC progression through PLK1-β-catenin signaling, driving tumor-associated macrophage recruitment and tumor growth.

Protein oligomerization can regulate cellular functions. Here, authors identify a small molecule that selectively induces WDR5 oligomerization using nanopore screening and show it disrupts cancer-driving interactions, highlighting a potential anti-tumor strategy.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are linked to dyslipidemia, but why individuals respond differently is unclear. Here, the authors use a national biomonitoring cohort to reveal how specific genetic variants interact with PBDE exposure to increase risk, identifying a key mechanism that disrupts cholesterol metabolism.

By employing a quantum spin correlation amplification method to magnify microscopic atomic changes into macroscopic magnetic signals, this study enables high-accuracy fatigue life prediction and early fracture warnings for large-scale structures.

Both endogenous and exogenous signaling pathways are involved in the maintenance of self-renewal and pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Here, the authors uncover that endogenous VEGF signaling safeguards pluripotency and prevents extra-embryonic differentiation in primed hESCs via activation of transcription factor NANOG and suppression of BMP signaling activity.

Measurement-based quantum computing implements quantum algorithms by performing sequences of measurements on special classes of entangled states, such as cluster states. This approach has now been demonstrated on a superconducting quantum processor.

Given the interest in extracellular vesicles there is a need for simple short scaffold proteins for efficient targeting and cargo loading. Here, the authors identify a candidate scaffold protein and find the truncated version allows for efficient loading which outperforms current scaffold proteins, demonstrating application in sepsis therapy.

Copper nanoclusters are promising photothermal heaters, but their conversion efficiency is limited efficiency. Here, the authors present a rotor-stator ligand architecture that enables enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency of copper nanoclusters.

This study presents a physics-aware method to compress complex-valued neural networks. By preserving phase structure, it reduces model size by over 99% while improving fidelity in holography and wireless signal processing.

Pyomelanin is resistant to UV light, and has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, however, the yield of pyomelanin isolated from natural producers is low. Here the authors engineer Komagataella phaffii to produce 70.5 g/L and isolate the product.

Direct C–N bond formation from nitroarenes offers an appealing alternative to conventional routes that rely on aniline intermediates. Here, the authors report a paired electrolysis strategy that enables highly selective para-C–H amination of phenols with nitroarenes, delivering unprotected p-hydroxy diphenylamines in a single step without transition-metal catalysts or external reductants.

This study identifies shared and distinct brain patterns underlying reappraisal and acceptance, showing how emotion regulation operates in dynamic naturalistic contexts and highlighting potential clinical markers.