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Plants utilize anion channels to adapt to environmental stresses. Here, authors elucidate the coordinated regulatory mechanisms within the SLAH family and demonstrate that tRNA molecules directly bind to and inhibit the SLAH1 anion channel.

Reducing the embodied carbon emissions of building material stock is essential for mitigation. Using a high-resolution multiyear dataset in China, researchers show the historically massive contributions of these emissions during past decades of rapid urbanization and the potential risks for future climate goals.

High-quality genome sequence of cultivated peanut comprising 2.54 Gb with 20 pseudomolecules and 83,709 protein-coding gene models provides insights into genome evolution and the genetic mechanisms underlying seed size and leaf resistance in peanut.

This protocol covers the acoustics-based separation of biological particles such as viruses and single extracellular vesicles from biofluids, including plasma and saliva, with high purity.

Neural tissue is a key signalling centre for fundic–antral patterning in development of gastric organoids featuring asymmetric PDX1 patterning.

A deep learning model provides high accuracy in detecting pancreatic lesions in multicenter data, outperforming radiology specialists.

Evidence for the treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate COPD is limited. Here, the authors show that long-term treatment with high-dose N-acetylcysteine neither significantly reduced the annual rate of total exacerbations nor improve lung function in patients with mild-tomoderate COPD.

Hydrogen isotope exchange is essential for the synthesis of deuterium-labeled compounds but remains challenging under mild conditions. This study demonstrates the selective deuteration of alkylarenes at room temperature using atomically dispersed surface barium hydride.

ZAC is a Zn²⁺ and H⁺-activated cation channel. Here, the authors report the structures of human ZAC and identify an unusual C-tail that functions in auto-inhibition. This work provides insights into the gating and activation mechanisms of ZAC.

Muntjac deer underwent rapid species radiation and dramatic chromosome fusions within a short period of time. Here the authors reveal that repeat sequences likely mediated illegitimate recombination to result in chromosome fusions and that 3D chromatin architecture around fusion sites have no significant change, while significant interactions across fusion sites were gradually established after speciation.

In this Perspective, members of the Aging Biomarker Consortium outline the X-Age Project, an Aging Biomarker Consortium plan for building standardized aging clocks in China. The authors discuss the project roadmap and its aims of decoding aging heterogeneity, detecting accelerated aging early and evaluating geroprotective interventions.

Using deep sequencing of human carotid plaque cells from male and female patients with carotid stenosis, Sukhavasi et al. identify sex-biased cell-type-specific gene-regulatory networks and different phenotypes in smooth muscle cells, including an osteogenic phenotype in females and a chondrocytic phenotype in males.

The existence of linear scaling relations between the adsorption energies of reaction intermediates on transition-metal surfaces prevents their independent optimization and limits catalytic activity. It has now been shown that using a catalytic LiH site alongside a transition-metal catalyst can break these intrinsic scaling relations, leading to unprecedented lower-temperature ammonia-synthesis activity.

Using electron cryomicroscopy, the structure of the closed-state rabbit ryanodine receptor RyR1 in complex with its modulator FKBP12 is solved at 3.8 Å; in addition to determining structural details of the ion-conducting channel domain, three previously uncharacterized domains help to reveal a molecular scaffold that allows long-range allosteric regulation of channel activities.

The nature of the El Niño-like variability in the Atlantic Ocean and its limited predictability remain unresolved. Here, via multi-model numerical experiments, the authors show that much of the variability can be explained by the interaction of stochastic atmospheric fluctuations with the ocean mixed layer.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting up to 3% of the population. Here, Zuo et al.perform exome array analysis, identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms at 15 new loci, implicating several biological pathways in psoriasis risk and disease heritability.

Rnf8 is an E3 ligase involved in the DNA damage response, adding ubiquitin moieties to histones H2A and H2AX at sites of DNA damage. Now Rnf8 is found to modify shelterin subunit Tpp1, and this is important for its stability and retention at telomeres. Cells lacking Rnf8 show telomere shortening and chromosome fusions.

A global high-resolution disaster footprint analytical model is developed to show substantial socioeconomic impacts from climatic change-driven heat stress through the global supply chain by 2060 due to direct and indirect effects on health and labour productivity.

The development, characterization and phase I clinical testing of the RAF inhibitor belvarafenib in cancer and a new resistance mechanism mediated by ARAF mutations are described.

Blockade of sialic acid-binding protein Siglec-15 expressed in cancer and tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells reverses immunesupression and represents a novel target for cancer immunotherapy independent from the PD-1/PD-L1 axis.

Reducing the severity of the conditions required to synthesize ammonia would increase the viability of its use as a carbon-free energy carrier. Here the authors use metal imides to mediate ammonia production via a two-step chemical looping process that operates under mild conditions.

The Microarray Quality Control consortium pitted 36 teams against each other to evaluate methods for creating genomic classifiers, computational tools for interpreting gene expression profiles. The performance of the classifiers on blinded validation data—and metadata on the analytic methods—reveal the challenges facing the field.

The use of biomarkers of ageing is crucial for investigating age-related processes. This Review discusses biomarkers of ageing and of ageing-associated physiological changes, at the cellular, tissue and organism levels in humans and non-human primates.

Climate change and anthropogenic activities are altering grasslands on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. This Review examines vegetation and soil changes, and the role of various drivers in affecting them.

Single-cell atlas of Microhyla fissipes lungs reveals cell differentiation and functionalization during metamorphosis, further cross-species comparison sheds light vertebrate lung cell type evolution.