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Global Burden of Disease estimates show that between 1990 and 2023, the prevalence and burden of drug use disorders, inclusive of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use, have been increasing in high-income countries, particularly in the USA.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

Flexible electronic hydrogels that allow conformal tissue integration, online precision diagnosis, and simultaneous tissue regeneration are desired for advancing the treatment of myocardial infarction. Here, the authors report a chronological adhesive hydrogel patch integrating diagnostic and therapeutic functions through mechanophysiological monitoring and electrocoupling therapy.

Sepsis may progress into lethal septic shock, but the cellular mechanisms are still unclear. Here the authors show that, in septic mice, platelets activate perivascular mast cells to cause systemic hypotension and vascular pathology, while inhibiting platelets or mast cell activation suppresses septic shock induction, thereby implicating potential therapy targets.

Treating myocardial reperfusion injury via nanotherapy is challenging due to clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte system. Here, the authors target the spleen to reduce acute heart injury and improve long-term cardiac function via transient IRF7 inhibition.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Genome-wide CRISPRi screens for modulators of androgen receptor (AR) protein levels using live-cell quantitative endogenous AR fluorescence reporters identify PTGES3 as a new regulator of AR stability and function in prostate cancer.

Erythropoietic protoporphyria is a genetic disease characterized by protoporphyrin IX-mediated painful phototoxicity. Here, the authors demonstrate that ABCG2 inhibitors can effectively prevent phototoxicity in a mouse model of erythropoietic protoporphyria.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have improved our understanding of the genetic basis of lung adenocarcinoma but known susceptibility variants explain only a small fraction of the familial risk. Here, the authors perform a two-stage GWAS and report 12 novel genetic loci associated with lung adenocarcinoma in East Asians.

Systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study reported that, despite global improvements from 1990 to 2021, dietary iron deficiency-associated disease burden remains high in women, children and residents in low socio-demographic index countries.

During myocardial infarction, microRNAs (myo-miRs) are released into the circulation. Here Cheng et al. show that myo-miRs carried in exosomes are transferred to the bone marrow (BM), downregulate expression of CXCR4 in mononuclear cells, and increase the number of circulating BM progenitor cells, thus orchestrating a systemic response to myocardial injury.

Native chemical ligation is pivotal in chemical protein synthesis but often requires excessive additives due to the low reactivity of peptide alkyl thioesters. Here, the authors introduce a thioacid-based additive-free peptide ligation using vinyl thianthrenium tetrafluoroborate, enhancing efficiency and simplicity in synthesizing complex proteins like hyalomin-3 and ubiquitin.

A balance between high stability and rapid degradation is required for effective photothermal anti-cancer agents. Here, the authors use Cu²⁺ to accelerate the degradation of black phosphorus nanosheets while enhancing its photothermal ability and apply this material for PET-guided, CDT-enhanced combination cancer therapy in mice.

Decreased survival after surgery is often associated to post-operative tumor recurrence and metastasis. Here the authors describe a DNA hydrogel enabling monitoring of tumor recurrence and spatiotemporally controlled photodynamic immunotherapy to prevent post-operative tumor recurrence and metastasis.

Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing along with whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing of 100 prostate cancer metastases identifies genomic regions that are differentially methylated during disease progression and a novel epigenomic subtype.

Prostate cancer risk-associated SNPs are enriched in noncoding CREs. Here the authors perform CRISPRi screens of CREs in prostate cancer cell lines to describe a causal mechanism synergistically driven by a risk SNP and DNA methylation-mediated 3D genome architecture.

The enzyme cGAS induces innate immune responses upon recognition of cytosolic DNA. Here, using in vitro and in vivo models, the authors identify DNA-PK as a negative regulator of cGAS signalling.

The formation of C–H bonds via reaction of small inorganic molecules is of great interest for understanding the transition from inorganic to organic matter, but the detailed mechanisms remain elusive. Here, the authors demonstrate real-time visualization and coherent control of the ultrafast C–H bond formation dynamics in a light-induced bimolecular reaction from inorganic species.

The ubquitin ligase Rad18 is a central mediator of cell cycle checkpoint activation by DNA damage. Now Rad18 turns out to directly regulate homologous recombination repair by interacting with Rad51C

An efficient method for parallelizing the contraction of tensor networks pushes the boundaries for the classical simulation of quantum computation, and aids the development of quantum algorithms and hardware.

The authors generated a cell census of mouse nucleus accumbens using single-cell RNA sequencing and multiplexed error-robust FISH. These data suggest that transcriptional and spatial diversity of neuron subtypes underlies nucleus accumbens anatomic and functional heterogeneity.

MSCs and their secretome-induced inflammatory modulation.

The T2K experiment constrains CP symmetry in neutrino oscillations, excluding 46% of possible values of the CP violating parameter at a significance of three standard deviations; this is an important milestone to test CP symmetry conservation in leptons and whether the Universe’s matter–antimatter imbalance originates from leptons.

In this DREAM challenge, 75 methods for the identification of disease-relevant modules from molecular networks are compared and validated with GWAS data. The authors provide practical guidelines for users and establish benchmarks for network analysis.

It has been unclear how extensively neuronal DNA methylome is regulated by activity. In this resource article, the authors use next-generation sequencing methods and quantitatively compare the CpG methylation landscape of adult mouse dentate granule neurons in vivo before and after synchronous neuronal activation.