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Zaman, Yang and Huang et al. demonstrate MDK’s suppressive effect on amyloid-β and its impact on amyloid burden and microglial activation in Alzheimer disease mice, highlighting its protective role in pathogenesis.

The molecular network controlling seed size remains elusive. Using genetic and functional analyses, researchers found that the transcription factor OsGRF4 (GS2) forms a module with its regulator OsmiR396 and coactivator GIFs to regulate grain size in rice.

By integrating a ribo-seq dataset of 195 individuals with RNA-seq and proteomics data from the same cohort, researchers found prevalent post-transcriptional attenuation of eQTL effects and identified omic-specific QTLs associated with schizophrenia.

Chemically induced protein degradation is a powerful alternative to classical inhibition, but some proteins have deeply masked binding pockets that make the development of degrader molecules difficult. Here, the authors discover an alternate site on nuclear receptors that can be targeted by degraders.

This study maps proteomic changes in Alzheimer’s mouse models, identifying shared pathways with humans, amyloid-driven protein turnover, and proteome-transcriptome differences, offering insights into disease mechanisms and potential targets.

Splicing dysfunction has been observed in Alzheimer’s disease but it remains unclear whether splicing defects have a causal role. Here the authors generate a mouse model with perturbed U1 snRNP activity, recapitulating RNA splicing defects, neuron hyperexcitability, neurodegeneration and synergy with the amyloid cascade when crossed with 5xFAD mice.

By regulating the level of accessible cholesterol on endothelial cells via OSBP/ORP-mediated transport, tetraspanin tunes the balance of Cdc42 and RhoA activities to affect vascular inflammation. Reducing accessible cholesterol by statin treatment or blocking its non-vesicular transport by OSBP/ORP inhibition can limit vascular inflammation.

The tumor environment is nutrient deficient. Here the authors show that early availability of methionine is critical for optimal T cell activation and prevents T cell dysfunction, and that dietary methionine can improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy in mice.

Anode catalysts in proton-exchange-membrane water electrolyzers usually trade activity for stability. Here, the authors report an electronic-structure-tuning strategy that modulates the metal–oxygen redox behavior of RuO₂, yielding a catalyst that is both highly active and durable.

Lfy1 is a maize mutant identified 50 years ago with increased leaf number above the primary ear and later flowering time. Here, the authors reveal that a Copia LTR-retrotransposon insertion leads to enhanced expression of an AAA ATPase encoding gene to give the mutant phenotype.

An endohedral metallofullerene–polymer layer, which features ultrafast electron extraction and in situ encapsulation, improves the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells.

The cellular hierarchies in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) remain to be explored. Here, the authors perform single-cell RNA sequencing of 16 APL patients to characterise its cellular composition and develop an APL-specific stemness score for assessing the risk of early death in APL.

Mouse models expressing liver apoE in the absence of brain apoE reveal detrimental effects of peripheral apoE4 associated with Alzheimer’s risk on cognition and amyloid pathology through compromising vascular integrity and function.

The genomic epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii, which is rising in virulence and multidrug resistance, was explored. This study examined bloodstream infection isolates from Chinese patients in 2011–2021, revealing increased genetic diversity and dominance of highly virulent ST208.

We examine the historical development and underlying principles of foundation models realized in language and vision, and propose how physics-infused machine learning interaction potentials could dramatically transform at scale to create transformative foundation models for chemistry and materials science.

Two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper layered metal-halide perovskites show better performance over three-dimensional versions, but are typically based on quantum wells with random width distribution. Liang et al. show that introducing molten salt spacers gives phase-pure quantum wells and improved solar cell performance.

Regulating spin state of metal cations in catalysts is recognized as a strategy to improve water oxidation. Herein, the authors constructed high-spin cobalt ions in cobalt oxyhydroxides, experimentally demonstrating accelerated electron transfer ability and thereby superior water oxidation performance.

Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is critical in modulating cellular inflammation. Here, the authors report a class of cyclopeptide inhibitors of cGAS targeting protein DNA interaction and phase separation.

KMT2A rearranged infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients have a poor prognosis. Here, the authors use high throughput drug screening on primary infant specimens to identify a clinically active chemotherapy combination.

Cilia project from cells to serve sensory functions, and ciliary disruption can result in multiple disorders known as ciliopathies. Here the authors show that the ciliopathy gene TCTN1 functions to regulate the ciliary transition zone and ectosome formation.

Plant viruses have evolved various virulence strategies to overcome plant immunity. Here the authors show that distinct viral proteins repress JA-SA crosstalk by targeting rice NPR1 protein to facilitate viral infection

Efficient free-space-to-fiber coupling of cylindrical vector beams (CVBs) is crucial for high-capacity optical communications, yet remains constrained by low coupling efficiency and poor dynamic adaptability in conventional methods. The authors address this issue by introducing a twisted moiré transformation approach that develops ring radius adjustable perfect CVBs using paired meta-devices

Chi and colleagues identify brain-resident CXCR6⁺PD-1⁺CD8⁺ T cells that interact with resident microglia to limit immune-mediated pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease.

Partial loss of psychiatric risk gene Mir137 in mice causes repetitive behavior and impairs sociability and learning via increased Pde10a.

High-throughput screening and structure-guided design identified small-molecule inhibitors that prevent the interaction between N-terminally acetylated E2 conjugating enzyme UBE2M and DCN1, an E3 ligase for the ubiquitin-like protein Nedd8.

The activity of PLK1, a key mitotic regulator, is tightly regulated during the cell cycle through both phosphorylation and protein-protein interactions. The crystal structure of PLK1's kinase domain bound to the polo-box domain now provides a structural framework for the regulation of PLK1 through autoinhibition.

Phenome-wide association is a novel method that links sequence variants to a spectrum of phenotypes and diseases. Here the authors generate detailed mouse genetic and phenome data which links their phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) of mouse to corresponding PheWAS in human.

The detection of microorganism-associated ligands by plant cells activates a signalling cascade in which the kinase BIK1 is monoubiquinated, released from the FLS2–BAK1 complex, and internalized by endocytosis.

Authors carry out a genomic analysis of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream isolates, noting subclonal expansion, associated with the emergence of a hypervirulent subpopulation.

The cellular heterogeneity in brain obscures the identification of robust cellular regulatory networks. Here the authors integrate genome-wide chromosome conformation data from sorted neurons and glia, with transcriptomic and enhancer profiles, to characterize cell-type-specific gene regulatory landscapes in the human brain, and provide insights into cell-type-specific gene regulatory networks in brain disorders.