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Spatial epigenomics (SE) data suffer from high sparsity. The authors present SPEED, a deep matrix factorization framework that leverages atlas-level single-cell epigenomic data to denoise SE data, showcasing a promising toolkit for SE analysis.

Codelivery of an antifungal drug within antifungal micelles achieves effective combinatorial therapy.

CXCR4 is a less-studied co-receptor for HIV entry that also serves as the receptor for the chemokine CXCL12. In this study, the authors reveal how HIV-2 engages CXCR4 and how CXCL12 inhibits this interaction, uncovering structural features that underlie viral specificity and inhibition

Jian Ma et al. present HuDiff, a diffusion-based deep learning framework that humanizes antibodies and nanobodies (a small type of antibody) without templates. The model achieves improved humanness while preserving or enhancing binding strength, and the authors show promising results in virus neutralization experiments.

This work presents MAPIT-seq, an antibody-guided RNA editing method that enables co-profiling of RBP-RNA interactions and gene expression at single-cell resolution and in tissue contexts.

A high-throughput yeast display platform is used to analyse the profiles of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) that enable escape from antibodies, and suggests that most anti-RBD antibodies can be escaped by the Omicron variant.

Preferential differences in the compound eye versus ocelli-like light-sensing pathways underlie the distinct diurnal activity of Aedes albopictus and the nocturnal activity of Culex quinquefasciatus.

Conversion electrodes with fast charging capability and extended lifespan remains challenging. Here, authors developed Cu_0.88Sn_0.02Sb_0.02Bi_0.02Mn_0.02S_0.9Se_0.1 with entropy-driven fast-charging capability as negative electrode for sodium-ion batteries, enabling fast charging up to 100 A g⁻¹.

Legionella effector LtpM is found to recognize short two-residue sequons, enabling site-specific O-glucosylation with minimal perturbations to a target protein, and is used to show that O-glucose can act as a constitutively active O-linked N-acetylglucosamine mimic.

Spin-orbit torques are a well-established method for the control of magnetization, the key ingredients for conventional spin-orbit torques being a conductive material with a strong spin-orbit interaction. Here, Tang, Zhang and Cheng show that in antiferromagnetic insulators, the topological phase can support a unique form of Neel spin-orbit torque driven by adiabatic currents, which suppresses joule heating.

Understanding the training dynamics of quantum neural networks is a fundamental task in quantum information science. Here, the authors show how these follow generalized Lotka-Volterra equations, revealing a transition between frozen-kernel, critical point and frozen-error dynamics. Theoretical findings, validated on IBM devices, provide insight to cost function design.

Biochemical and structural studies of the interactions between antibodies and spike proteins from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants indicate how these variants have evolved to escape antibody-mediated neutralization.

Here the authors produce high-resolution cryo-EM structure of human IgM complexed with CD5L to reveal their interaction. CD5L reduces IgM’s binding to pIgR without affecting FcμR binding or complement activation, highlighting CD5L’s role as a key component of circulating IgM.

A study presents high-resolution cryogenic electron microscopy structures detailing how the elements of FcεRI assemble and how this receptor complex interacts with the target immunoglobulin E.

High-resolution cryo-EM study of human muscle phosphorylase kinase reveals its complex structure and how calcium ions activate it, offering insights into glycogen metabolism and kinase regulation.

The structural basis for the molecular mechanism of recognition of different IgM forms by the IgM receptor FcμR is determined using crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy.

Malaria parasites use various molecular tactics to hijack IgM antibodies and escape the human immune system.

In cultured rat hippocampal neurons, thrombospondin 1 hastened synapse formation via interaction with neuroligin 1.

A nacre-inspired, centimetre-sized bulk material is prepared by assembling graphene oxide and microscale amorphous/crystalline heterophase reinforcing platelets adhered together with polymer-based crosslinkers, which shows high flexural strength and fracture toughness.

A chemoproteomic method was developed that enables the global discovery of metal-binding proteins (MBPs) in proteomes, where the thermal stability of MBPs is perturbed by metal chelators. This tool, called METAL-TPP, is used to discover MBP candidates in the human proteome and provides a valuable method for functional annotation of MBPs in cell biology.

Zhang, Shao and coworkers report that HSF1 forms small condensates at its target gene loci to promote their transcription during acute heat stress. The produced HSP70 proteins in turn disperse HSF1 condensates to shut off the heat-shock response.

Here the authors report the isolation and structural and biological characterization of a humanized angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-blocking antibody, which exterts potent inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV and circulating global SARS-CoV-2 lineages both in vitro and in hACE2 mouse model.

Given that the human body is composed of many microbial niches, and there have been few reports on the biogeography of the microbiome, the authors analyse the intra-individual inter-organ and intra-organ microbiome of seven surface organs of deceased individuals.

How do exocytic vesicles disengage from the exocyst complex? Phosphorylation of the RalA GTPase effector Sec5, rather than RalA inactivation per se, is now shown to mediate dissociation of the Sec5–RalA complex.

Ethylene is a plant hormone that promotes fruit ripening. Here, the authors identify pyrazinamide, a drug used to treat tuberculosis, as an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis inArabidopsis thalianaand present the crystal structure of its active form (pyrazinecarboxylic acid) bound to ACC oxidase.

The accumulation of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) has been associated with prostate cancer progression and castration resistance. Here the authors show that loss of ARID1A, a subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, results in polymorphonuclear-MDSC infiltration and cooperates with Pten loss to accelerate prostate tumorigenesis.

MiR-122 levels correlate with metastasis in human liver cancer but not in mouse models. Here the authors show that miR-122 targets TGFßR1 in mice but TGFß1 in humans, that swapping this specificity affects metastasis, and that many other receptor-ligand pairs are differentially targeted by miRNAs across species.

Bacterial pathogens can modify host cell proteins and interfere with their function. For example, bacterial enzymes can adenylylate Rho GTPases, inhibiting their interaction with downstream effectors. Now the crystal structure of the Fic domain from Histophilus somni adenylyltransferase IbpA in complex with target Cdc42 reveals the basis for their tight interaction and for Cdc42 modification.

Bisphenol A is used in the production of many plastic products, but has adverse health effects and is therefore being replaced. Here the authors show that its substitute, fluorene-9-bisphenol, is released from commercial plastic bottles into drinking water, and has anti-oestrogenic effects in mice.

Fam20 proteins are kinases that phosphorylate secreted proteins and proteoglycans. Here the authors present the crystal structures of the three Fam20 kinases and their complexes and give mechanistic insights into substrate recognition and the function and regulation of this kinase family.

Xiaowen Sun and colleagues report the whole-genome sequencing of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio. They also resequenced 33 representative accessions from a worldwide collection and provide insights into population structure and evolution.

A chemoenzymatic tagging approach was developed and identified eukaryotic host proteins that are O-glycosylated by SetA from Legionella. The SetA-consensus motif was applied to recombinant proteins yielding a site-specific O-glucosylation method.

The electric field is recognized to be effective in enhancing pool boiling, with applications in cooling of power electronics, heat exchangers, and thermal management systems, etc. This study conducts large-scale three-dimensional lattice Boltzmann simulations of electric field–enhanced pool boiling of leaky dielectric fluids to explore bubble dynamics and the underlying mechanisms of heat transfer enhancement.

Organoid technology has emerged as a powerful method for studying gastrointestinal cancers. This Review describes organoid models of gastrointestinal cancers, such as colorectal and liver cancer, and discusses how they can be used in basic and translational research in fields such as drug discovery and personalized medicine.