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The death of massive stars has traditionally been discovered by explosive events in the gamma-ray band. Liu et al. show that the sensitive wide-field monitor on board Einstein Probe can reveal a weak soft-X-ray signal much earlier than gamma rays.

Whole-exome sequencing analyses in a cohort of 2,140 participants with female infertility after recurrent in vitro fertilization, coupled with functional analyses, identified genes associated with oocyte and early embryo competence defects.

The performance of inorganic, wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells is hindered by unsuitable electron transport layers. Han et al. design an acidic magnesium-doped tin oxide quantum dot layer, improving efficiency and stability in single-junction and tandem cells.

Infection with SARS-CoV-2 causes interstitial pneumonia and viral replication in the lungs of transgenic mice that express a human version of ACE2, confirming the pathogenicity of the virus in this model.

Mechanistic insight into how SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 methyltransferase activity installs m⁷G on host RNAs to drive stress-granule assembly.

The use of non-noble metal catalysts is crucial for promoting the industrialization of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis. By introducing CF₃CF₂CF₂CH₂OH into Nafion ionomer, we optimized the water channels and enhanced the stability of the Co₃O₄ catalyst at the anode

The role of TGFβ in cancer is paradoxical and context-dependent. Here, the authors discover that a preserved, DLD-mediated metabolic suppression by TGFβ undermines anti-TGFβ therapy, promoting gastric cancer growth.

Realizing organic p–n junctions based on ordered crystalline materials with dimensions comparable to the exciton diffusion length of most organic semiconductors remains a challenge. Here, the authors report a strategy to form molecular monolayer crystal-based p–n junctions with thickness below 5 nm.

Mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation is essential for cellular energy production. Here the authors show that mutations in Testis-Expressed Protein 44 (TEX44) are associated with misregulated fatty acid β-oxidation and male infertility.

Severe acne is a common skin disease characterized by chronic inflammation and potential scarring. Here, the authors have identified genetic variants at two loci associated with severe acne and provide insight into the genetic architecture and biological pathways underlying the disease.

Land plants diverged from streptophyte algae around 460 million years ago. Marine Charophyceae fossils from the Upper Ordovician confirm that morphological innovations key to the evolution of terrestrial flora predate the emergence of land plants.

This work transforms oxygen from an embrittling contaminant into a key asset in titanium alloys, simultaneously overcoming the strength-ductility trade-off and oxygen embrittlement.

This study identifies four distinct polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) subtypes using unsupervised clustering analysis on data from 11,908 women and validated across five diverse cohorts. The subtypes show unique clinical features and suggest that subtype-specific management could enhance treatment precision for PCOS.

Autonomous artificial intelligence (AI) models to replace human decision-making in medical intervention need thorough testing. Here authors present the results of a clinical trial, NCT05600855, in which daGOAT, a conditional autonomous artificial intelligence agent successfully makes the decision whether to prescribe an immune suppressive drug to prevent severe acute graft-versus-host disease following HLA-mismatched haematopoietic cell transplantation.

Preoperative prediction of lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM) is crucial for surgical planning and prognostic management in thyroid cancer. Here, the authors develop LLNM-Net, a deep learning model to predict LLNM in thyroid cancer from multimodal data—including preoperative ultrasound images and clinical reports—, with robust performance across large cohorts from multiple centres.

As networks expand, secure wireless links are becoming more vital. Here, the authors present a low complexity meta-encryptor that combines programmable metasurfaces with elastic cryptography, manipulating electromagnetic waves in space, time, and frequency to deliver complementary, multi-dimensional security.

Spatially resolving cationic (edge) and anionic (center) vacancies in Bi₂WO₆ nanosheets generates a defect dipole. This architecture optimizes the internal electric field and surface kinetics, leading to superior photocatalytic activity.

A new p-type small molecule enhances defect passivation and improves interfacial charge transport in perovskite solar cells, enabling devices with a certified power conversion efficiency of 26.72%, 97% of which is maintained after 2,500 h of continuous operation.

Advancements in spin-orbit-torque magnetic random-access memory require solutions for achieving high density and low power consumption. Here, the authors achieve a significant and simultaneous enhancement of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and spin-orbit-torque conductivity by inserting an ultrathin gadolinium layer at the β-W/CoFeB interface, positioning rare-earth elements as key multifunctional regulators for efficient spintronic devices.

Entanglement was observed in top–antitop quark events by the ATLAS experiment produced at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN using a proton–proton collision dataset with a centre-of-mass energy of √s  = 13 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 140 fb⁻¹.

How complex brain functions are mapped onto the human brain is a daunting scientific challenge. Here, the authors use a cognitive neurogenetic approach to identify the structure of executive functions and their underlying neurogenetic basis.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

A genome-wide association meta-analysis study of blood lipid levels in roughly 1.6 million individuals demonstrates the gain of power attained when diverse ancestries are included to improve fine-mapping and polygenic score generation, with gains in locus discovery related to sample size.

Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease with complex genetics and different degrees of prevalence across ethnic populations. Here Yin et al. conduct a large trans-ethnic genome-wide meta-analysis and identify novel loci that contribute to population-specific susceptibility.

Neural tissue is a key signalling centre for fundic–antral patterning in development of gastric organoids featuring asymmetric PDX1 patterning.

The short lifespan and systemic toxicity of IL-2 are major limitations for IL-2-based cancer immunotherapy. To overcome these hurdles, a single dose of a pressure-fused biomineral tablet is shown to safely support a two-phase IL-2 release, leading to weeks-long intratumoral retention of the cytokine to promote anti-tumor T cell immunity.

This study introduces the Cattle Cell Atlas, a single-cell expression resource including 1,793,854 cells from 59 tissues. Integrative analyses leveraging this atlas provide insights into the biology underlying bovine monogenic and complex traits.

Genetic resources for livestock are valuable for understanding their demography and past selection, and may inform future breeding programs and agricultural improvement. Here, the authors present deep resequencing of 248 wild and domestic sheep, with associated data and analysis.

The growing consumption of electronics is leading to the rapid accumulation of electronic waste, which has been a global concern for years. This work presents a closed-loop bio-recyclable cellulose-based dielectric film that can improve the circularity of electronics and could reduce electronic waste.

Using two cohorts, Liu, Ge, Xiao, Lu and colleagues perform plasma metabolomics and lipidomics, linking reduced sarcosine to sarcopenia diagnosis. In mice, they demonstrate that sarcosine enhances muscle repair, boosts adipose thermogenesis and preserves muscle mass via macrophage modulation.