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A large-scale study on the replicability of claims from social and behavioural science journals reports that about half of the results replicate in the same patterns as the original study.

Exposome analyses across 34 countries showed that social exposures were associated with faster functional brain aging and physical exposures with faster structural brain aging.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

Analyses of snRNA genes in a French cohort of people with rare disorders, with validation through international collaboration, identify monoallelic and biallelic variants in RNU2-2 as frequent causes of neurodevelopmental disorders with epilepsy.

Artificial intelligence (AI) could help improve risk predictions in acute leukaemia and reduce systemic health disparities in the diagnostic process. Here, the authors assemble a diverse, international cohort of 6,206 patients with acute leukaemias and deploy an AI tool to support diagnosis based on standard laboratory results, with refinements for both adult and peadiatric leukaemias.

Natural genetic variation of photosynthesis is an underexplored resource for plant genetic improvement. Here, the authors find allelic variations of YS1 affect Arabidopsis photosynthesis acclimation using genome-wide association study, reverse genetics, and quantitative complementation approaches.

In this study, long-read RNA sequencing achieves accurate single-nucleotide polymorphism calling, haplotype phasing and allele-specific expression analysis.

Using blood-based genome sequence data, non-genetic and genetic factors associated with control of Epstein–Barr virus during persistent infection are reported.

ATF6α activation in human and preclinical models of hepatocellular carcinoma is significantly associated with an aggressive tumour phenotype characterized by reduced survival, glycolytic reprogramming and local immunosuppression.

The flagellated protist Angomonas deanei harbours a bacterial endosymbiont. Here, Hammond et al. report a high-confidence subcellular proteome, localising 5,796 proteins of the protist and its endosymbiont to various organelles and cell compartments, and identify several host-encoded proteins that are targeted to the bacterium.

Large-effect variants in autism remain elusive. Here, the authors use long-read sequencing to assemble phased genomes for 189 individuals, identifying pathogenic variants in TBL1XR1, MECP2, and SYNGAP1, plus nine candidate structural variants missed by short-read methods.

Georgiadis and colleagues conduct micron-resolution fibre mapping on multiple histological tissue sections. Their light-scattering technique works across different sample preparations and tissue types, including formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded brain sections.

By leveraging both deep learning and hidden Markov models, Helixer achieves broad taxonomic coverage for ab initio gene annotation of eukaryotic genomes from fungi, plants, vertebrates and invertebrates.

Here the authors compare genetic testing strategies in rare movement disorders, improve diagnostic yield with genome analysis, and establish CD99L2 as an X-linked spastic ataxia gene, showing that CD99L2–CAPN1 signaling disruption likely drives neurodegeneration.

Transcriptional crosstalk between inflammation and energy metabolism within cardiomyocytes remains unclear. Here, the authors identify IRF3/PGC-1α as a bidirectional transcriptional nexus between IFN response and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes altering cardiac function.

Using brain organoids models, Prigione and colleagues uncovered the impact of Huntington’s disease on human brain developmental and identified early dysregulation of CHCHD2, which disrupted mitochondria and might serve as a therapeutic target.

This paper uses multiomics to profile a large cohort of meningioma samples to highlight the role of the tumor microenvironment in driving the epigenetic changes underpinning tumor classification and prediction of outcome.

The successful transport of a trapped proton cloud from the antimatter factory of CERN using a transportable, superconducting, autonomous and open Penning-trap system that can distribute antiprotons into other experiments is reported.

Here the authors show that endogenous or therapeutically delivered GDF-15 activates brainstem neurons that trigger splenic β-adrenergic signaling. This, in turn, suppresses autoreactive T cells and reduces neuroinflammation, identifying a possible target for multiple sclerosis treatment.

Brain debris in mouse models of stroke is cleared by ultrasound, boosting recovery.

Elemental barium at high pressure presents many complex crystal structures that have yet to be determined. The most complex of these crystal structures (phase Ba-IVc at 19 GPa) has now been solved and consists of a commensurate host–guest structure with 768 atoms in the basic unit, where the relative alignment of the guest-atom chains can be represented as a two-dimensional pattern with repeating interlocking motifs.

Using sequencing and haplotype-resolved assembly of 65 diverse human genomes, complex regions including the major histocompatibility complex and centromeres are analysed.

How landscapes are arranged affects soil pathogenic fungi worldwide. The authors reveal the global pattern and pronounced scale-dependency of landscape complexity and land-cover quantity on soil pathogenic fungal diversity.

How inflammation spreads from the skin to the joints in psoriatic disease is unclear. Here, the authors show that joint-resident fibroblasts can control differentiation of infiltrating skin-derived myeloid precursors that can become inflammatory macrophages.

Bouvain et al. develop fluorine-loaded nanotracers engineered with binding peptides targeting the neutrophil-specific receptor CD177 for specific and non-invasive mapping of murine and human neutrophil dynamics by whole-body MRI.

Antimicrobial resistance is a global health threat and the development of alternative strategies to overcome it is of high interest. Here, the authors report proteolysis targeting chimeras active in bacteria (BacPROTACs) that bind to ClpC1, a component of the mycobacterial protein degradation machinery, and apply them for targeting a range of mycobacterial strains, including antibiotic-resistant ones.

RETICULATA1 is a plastid membrane transporter in Arabidopsis that enables basic amino acid exchange across the plastid inner envelope. Loss-of-function mutants reveal its essential role in amino acid homeostasis, plant development and seed production.

How cells adapt to glucose starvation is still elusive. Here, Levy et al. show that the mTOR substrate 4EBP1 protects human, mouse, and yeast cells from glucose starvation and is exploited by cancer cells to promote tumorigenesis.

This Resource paper presents a global SARS-CoV-2 phylogenetic tree of 4,471,579 high-quality genomes consistently constructed by Viridian, an efficient amplicon-aware assembler.

Viruses are promising anti-tumour therapeutics due to induction of an immune response and/or oncolytic activity. Here, Kalkavanet al. show that LCMV replicates in tumour cells, without inducing cell lysis, and that its anti-tumour activity is largely mediated by recruitment of interferon-producing monocytes.

The involvement of cell death pathways in the early stage of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) development, especially KRAS-dependent acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM), remains to be investigated. Here, the authors find that TAK1 mediates cell survival during ADM transdifferentiation through suppression of apoptosis and necroptosis, which could be targeted for prevention and treatment of PDAC.

Neri et al. develop elegant tools to understand how the sympathetic nervous system regulates intrascapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) function. Using these tools, they find that sympathetic nerves targeting the iBAT parenchyma control local blood flow and heat production, while those innervating the iBAT vasculature regulate systemic glucose metabolism.

The selective autophagy receptor p62/SQSTM1 is organized in a structured double helical filament in vitro, the cryo-electron tomographic images in ATG5 knockdown conditions reveal Ca-rich layers of p62 oligomers enwrapping lipid droplets in situ.

Fractal analysis of structural MRI captures the formation of brain shape in human newborns and outperforms other morphological measures in predicting infant age and genetic similarity, including the identification of twins from their brain data.

An initial draft of the human pangenome is presented and made publicly available by the Human Pangenome Reference Consortium; the draft contains 94 de novo haplotype assemblies from 47 ancestrally diverse individuals.

The recipient of an allogeneic stem cell transplant from a CCR5Δ32/Δ32 donor shows evidence of HIV type 1 cure, including the absence of a viral rebound over 4 years after stopping antiretroviral treatment.

Neuroscience is crucial for understanding human behaviour. Yet, its resource-intensive methods contribute to the climate crisis. We call on neuroscientists to align their research with ecological sustainability goals across the research cycle and propose three key steps: replace unfocused data collection, reduce excessive emissions and refine imprecise methods.