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Allergen specific immunotherapy (AIT) is both, safe and effective in reducing systemic symptoms of venom allergy in individuals. Here the authors examine the underlying immune cell changes after venom specific AIT in early time points after therapy initiation showing indicative changes in specific immune cell populations.

T-cell–mediated rejection (TCMR) remains a major cause of kidney transplant failure with incompletely understood mechanisms. Here the authors use single-nucleus RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics and immunofluorescence to show that injured kidney epithelial cell states associate with poor transplant outcomes after T-cell–mediated rejection.

Autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is caused by autoantibodies to GM-CSF. Here the authors show that the individual autoantibodies only partially neutralize GM-CSF and that antibodies to at least three different epitopes are required to block GM-CSF bioavailability.

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli infection of a murine prostate organoid model reveals a bacterial FimH–host prostatic acid phosphatase adhesin-receptor interaction enabling invasion and replication within the host tissue.

Living electrodes enable signalling into a microbial community, coordinating behaviour.

This study uncovers H2AK119ub as a conserved dynamic molecular switch that maintains stem cell quiescence and regenerative potential, revealing how chromatin dynamics regulate stem cell states across species.

Taxonomical complexity has muddled the classification of clinically relevant Enterobacter species. Authors carry out a genome-based study on clinical isolates to investigate colistin resistance and heteroresistance in Enterobacter.

In this Review, Galli and colleagues discuss the mechanisms and associated biomarkers of traditional and emerging factors responsible for the residual risk of recurrent adverse cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease, with a focus on new pathophysiological insights and the therapeutic implications.

Staphylococcus epidermidis can cause invasive infections that are difficult to treat due to multi-resistance to most clinically relevant drugs, including methicillin and other β-lactam antibiotics, vancomycin, and rifampicin. In this work, the authors use in vitro assays and a mouse infection model to explore cryptic susceptibility and development of resistance to penicillin/β-lactamase combinations.

Candida species are the most common cause of opportunistic fungal infection worldwide. Here, the genomes of six Candida species are sequenced and compared with each other and with related pathogens and non-pathogens; providing insight into the genetic features that underlie the diversity of Candida biology, including pathogenesis and the architecture of mating and meiotic processes.

Thermogenesis by brown adipose tissue has long been thought to be solely controlled by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Here, the authors show that energy expenditure in brown adipose tissue is, in addition to UCP1, also mediated by a UCP1-independent pathway, called the Futile Creatine Cycle

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) includes several pathogens thought to have originated in East Africa from an ancestor closely related to Mycobacterium canettii. Here, the authors describe a clinical tuberculosis strain isolated in Ethiopia that has typical M. canettii features but is phylogenetically much closer to the MTBC clade, supporting that the emergence of MTBC pathogens is a recent evolutionary event.

Interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) control tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Here, authors provide spatial information on ECM organization and how it influences tumor cell invasive and metastasis properties through induction of cytoskeletal and transcriptional memory.

During S phase of the cell cycle, transcription and replication need to be coordinated in order to avoid conflicts leading to potential genomic instability. Here, the authors find that Mrc1 integrates signals from different kinases to regulate replication during unscheduled transcription events.

DNA methylation affects DNA–protein interactions and has important cellular roles, including the control of reversible switching (phase variation) of gene expression. In this Review, Sánchez-Romero and Casadesús review epigenetic signalling by DNA methylation, focusing on its contribution to phenotypic heterogeneity in bacterial populations.

Antibody immunoprophylaxis for HIV-1 will require effective concentration of biologics at mucosal sites of exposure for effectivity. Here the authors show that infused Fc-modified VRC01LS antibody has increased levels in blood, in the female genital tract and male rectal tissue, compared to native antibody VRC01. VRC01LS is detectable for more than year at the sites of sexual HIV transmission.

Abeysundara, Rasnitsyn, Fong et al. report that the presence of leptomeningeal metastatic tumour cells leads to the recruitment and remodelling of fibroblasts, which, in turn, facilitate the colonization and outgrowth of medulloblastoma cells in the leptomeninges.

Improved biomarker-based tools for diagnosis and risk prediction of venous thromboembolism (VTE) are needed. Here, the authors show that Complement Factor H Related 5 protein, a regulator of the alternative pathway of complement activation, is a VTE-associated plasma biomarker in 5 independent cohorts.

The invasion of epithelial tumours often depends on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Here, the authors report that intracellular activation of thyroid hormone by the D2 deiodinase enzyme promotes invasion and progression of squamous cell carcinoma by transcriptionally up-regulating ZEB-1.

The generation of primary organoids, from fetal fluid-derived epithelial stem or progenitor cells, offers the possibility of modeling different developing tissues during gestation, even beyond the limits of pregnancy termination.

Determination of interactions between native proteins in cells is important for understanding function. Here the authors report MolBoolean as a method to detect interactions between endogenous proteins in subcellular compartments, using antibody-DNA conjugates for identification and signal amplification.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterised by progressive pulmonary vascular remodelling. Here, Arnold et al. develop a therapeutic antibody targeting osteoprotegerin and find it attenuates pulmonary vascular remodelling in multiple rodent models of PAH, alone or in combination with standard of care vasodilator therapy.

Gelabert et al. examine genomic and archaeological data from Europe’s earliest farming communities in Central Europe (5500–5000 bce). They find differentiated genetic networks but no evidence of unequal access to resources linked to sex or kin.

Data from more than 9,700 human stool and oral metagenomes has been used to decipher the strain transmission patterns of the human microbiome from mother to infant, within households and within populations.