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Microglia cellular changes underlie divergent resilience-associated mechanisms in human aging.

Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

Natural genetic variation of photosynthesis is an underexplored resource for plant genetic improvement. Here, the authors find allelic variations of YS1 affect Arabidopsis photosynthesis acclimation using genome-wide association study, reverse genetics, and quantitative complementation approaches.

At planets that possess strong dipole magnetic fields, charged particles can be squeezed along magnetic fields helping to deflect the solar wind flow about the planet. Here, the authors show this effect occurring in the ionosphere of Mars, a planet without a strong dipole magnetic field.

Age is the strongest risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Here, the authors show that aging and diabetes drive distinct epigenetic programmes in human pancreatic islets, with age‑linked DNA methylation coordinately regulating beta‑cell function, while diabetes associates with heterogeneous stress‑related epigenetic changes.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

Metal dissolution is a common cause for catalyst deactivation in heterogenous catalysis. Now, after mapping Pd speciation as a function of pH, a cooperative enhancement mechanism between separated Au/C and Pd/C catalysts and involving solid and dissolved Pd species is identified for alcohol oxidation.

Waterfield and colleagues report the transcription factor RUNX1 expressed in mTECs profoundly influences the diversity of thymic mimetic cells that express tissue-specific antigens.

How the balance of microbial methane production and oxidation in freshwater systems will change with warming is unclear. This study uses natural warming experiments to demonstrate that methane emissions increase because oxidation keeps pace with, but cannot exceed, warming-accelerated production.

DNA-sequencing data from primary tumours and paired metastases from participants in the TRACERx lung study and PEACE autopsy programme are used to analyse the metastatic diversity of advanced non-small cell lung cancer and the seeding patterns that underpin it.

A machine-learning model that uses smartphone cameras to measure heart rate in the background during normal daily phone use and subsequently estimate resting heart rate could make it easier for people to monitor heart health.

The authors resolve 63 structurally diverse haplotype structures for the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome region. Deletion risk differs depending on structure; individuals of African ancestry are enriched for inverted repeats that predispose to inversion.

A drawing-like task designed to study compositional generalization identifies a specific neural population in the ventral premotor cortex in primates that encodes action symbols.

The authors use data on the entire Finnish population to develop a machine learning model for predicting COVID-19 vaccination uptake. Important predictors are proxies of socio-economic status, and those at high risk for COVID-19 consequences are less likely to get vaccinated.

An annular carbon-nanotube nanosensor array integrated onto a medical-grade catheter enables near-infrared, in situ spatial mapping of bladder cancer-associated protein biomarker release in the bladder with 182-fold higher sensitivity than urine sampling.

Arterial development is critical for proper blood flow, but the mechanisms mediating this process at the organ level remain unclear. Here, they show that a subpopulation of endothelial cells is important for formation of arterial endothelium in the intestine.

Singh et al. combine cryo-electron microscopy and functional studies to reveal how a single protein complex selects diverse mRNAs for subcellular localization using a combination of shape, positional sequence information and number of structured RNA elements.

A wearable ultrasound device is optimized for continuous monitoring of pregnancies.

Impure glycerol is obtained as a significant by-product of biodiesel production. Now it is shown that this crude glycerol can be reacted with water over very simple basic or redox oxide catalysts to produce methanol in high yields, together with other useful chemicals, in a one-step low pressure process.

The authors identified a series of covalent, monovalent glue degraders that can co-opt two E3 ligases, DCAF16 and FBXO22, in a parallel fashion to degrade SMARCA2/4 and demonstrated that ligase preference can be chemically and genetically tuned.

An electrochromic in-sensor computing architecture enables adaptive, pixel-level spectral compression before readout, reducing data transmission and supporting energy-efficient intelligent vision for edge-computing systems.

Exposome analyses across 34 countries showed that social exposures were associated with faster functional brain aging and physical exposures with faster structural brain aging.

Hops are a key ingredient in brewing beer. Here, the authors present a haplotype-resolved genome assembly of the North American–European hybrid hop cultivar ‘Apollo’ and uncover genetic and chemical diversity in core bittering pathways and genetic diversity in aroma pathways between European and North American hops.

Barrett et al. identify a key Rubisco phase-separating protein in the CO₂-fixing pyrenoid of Chlorella algae. This protein’s broad promiscuity for green lineage Rubiscos may aid in engineering CO₂-supercharging pyrenoids in plants to boost yields.

Tumours with alterations in SWI/SNF complex have elevated EZH2 activity, which is associated with poor prognosis and tumour progression. Here, the authors report a phase 2 basket study investigating the safety and efficacy of oral tazemetostat (EZH2 inhibitor) in patients with solid tumours harbouring SWI/SNF driver mutations.

Inducible base editors enhance cancer genomic screens in vivo.

HIV-1 integrase forms an RNA-binding module on the luminal side of the mature capsid lattice.

The existing ENCODE registry of candidate human and mouse cis-regulatory elements is expanded with the addition of new ENCODE data, integrating new functional data as well as new cell and tissue types.

Assessment of how 16 taxonomic groups in a lowland tropical forest resist and recover from anthropogenic disturbance shows the potential of protecting naturally regenerating secondary forests to reverse biodiversity losses.

Sialic acid O-acetylation occurs in the Golgi apparatus and is catalyzed by CASD1, a multi-pass transmembrane protein. Here, the authors reveal that SLC33A1 delivers acetyl-CoA to the luminal catalytic domain of CASD1, while a catalytic transmembrane tunnel enables SLC33A1-independent O-acetylation.

Magnetic resonance control of spin-correlated radical pairs alters red fluorescent protein emission in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans, demonstrating in vivo magnetic field modulation of biomolecular processes.

HST and JWST observations of four nearby galaxies show that massive young star clusters disperse their natal gas faster than low-mass clusters, with key implications for star formation, stellar feedback and planet formation models.

Cosgun et al. show that, in B cell leukemia, β-catenin expression is maintained at low levels through glycogen synthase kinase 3B (GSK3β)-mediated phosphorylation. Inhibition of GSK3β results in β-catenin–Ikaros–NuRD complex formation, leading to B-ALL cell death through MYC repression.

Here, Wulczynski et al. find fewer small-intestinal fiber-degrading bacteria in CeD patients, independent of the gluten-free diet, while inulin-supplemented diet in gluten-sensitized mice facilitates microbial saccharolytic function and SCFAs, accelerating mucosal healing in the small intestine.

This overview of the ENCODE project outlines the data accumulated so far, revealing that 80% of the human genome now has at least one biochemical function assigned to it; the newly identified functional elements should aid the interpretation of results of genome-wide association studies, as many correspond to sites of association with human disease.

The mammalian gut undergoes a dramatic transformation during mid-gestation to create intestinal villi. Zhu and colleagues show that the transcription factor Foxl1 impacts key events during the epithelial transition of the fetal mammalian gut.

The extracellular release of inhibitory damage-associated molecular patterns (iDAMPs) can dampen anti-tumoral immune responses. Here, the authors show that chemotherapy-induced activation of caspase-1 in cancer cells triggers the noncanonical release of IL-1α as an iDAMP, which skews hematopoiesis toward granulocyte-monocyte progenitors, thereby dampening anti-tumor immune responses.

Connectome-seq allows access to connectomic and transcriptomic information in high throughput, using an RNA barcoding strategy and isolation of synaptosomes, followed by single-nucleus and single-synaptosome RNA sequencing.

Pelagic Sargassum blooms have expanded over time across the Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt. A nonlinear model indicates that winds and mixing drove growth in early years, while internal nutrient recycling now controls variability and supports forecasting.

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome is characterized by premature aging with cardiovascular disease being the main cause of death. Here the authors show that inhibition of the NAT10 enzyme enhances cardiac function and fitness, and reduces age-related phenotypes in a mouse model of premature aging.

Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition contributes to plaque progression in atherosclerosis. Here, Ayllon et al. show that the protein TWIST1 drives endothelial cell plasticity in atherosclerosis, promoting plaque growth and stability while reducing features linked to rupture, challenging the view that these cell changes always worsen disease.

Here, the authors develop Q4ddPCR, a high-throughput assay to quantify genetically intact HIV reservoirs by targeting four regions, and demonstrate that it reduces assay dropout to 5%, tracks reservoir decay, and closely correlates with viral outgrowth.

Gram-negative bacteria use diverse virulence factors to infect eukaryotic cells. Here, the authors perform structure-function analyses on the S. negevensis deSUMOylase SnCE1 and provide mechanistic insights how lysine acetylation reprograms virulence adjusting it to the host cells’ metabolic state.

Gravitational-wave data reveal evidence for the pair-instability mass gap and a population of high-mass black hole mergers formed in star clusters. The measurement also constrains the nuclear reaction that regulates carbon–oxygen production in massive stars.

Salladay-Perez and colleagues explore senescence induction in human and mouse macrophages using multiomic profiling. They characterize a p21⁺TREM2⁺ senescent macrophage population, which they functionally implicate in inflammaging and liver disease.

The microtubule–kinesin system is a well-known active matter system. Now it is shown that a microtubule-based active fluid can assemble adhesive non-thermal fibres into a membrane-like structure.