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Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

Miyamoto et al. show that human metacognition depends on multiple signals in the anterior lateral prefrontal cortex, whereas in macaques it relies on distributed processing in multiple prefrontal areas.

Native state proteomics of PV interneurons revealed unique molecular features of high translational and metabolic activity, and enrichment of Alzheimer’s risk genes. Early amyloid pathology exerted unique effects on mitochondria, mTOR signaling and neurotransmission in PV neurons.

A chemoproteomic strategy reveals how posttranslational modifications reshape protein ligandability across the human proteome, uncovering more than 400 state-dependent interactions, including phosphorylation-driven control of KRAS inhibitor activity.

A large-scale proteomics analysis of the dark proteome by the TransCODE Consortium reveals many translated non-canonical open reading frames to encode microproteins and peptideins.

Transmission of Plasmodium falciparum relies on the development of gametocytes, which undergo extensive cellular remodelling. Here, the authors demonstrate that the PfGID E3 ubiquitin ligase complex affects gametocyte development by regulating key proteins, producing defective cells that cannot infect mosquitoes.

In this individual participant data meta-analysis, and across 321,345 smartphone-ratings of affective well-being and nearly 1 million hours of physical activity measurement, Rehder et al. clarify the nature and extent of activity–well-being relations and document their relevance in humans’ everyday life.

Urban water systems in low-income cities often face contamination risks and unreliable supply, motivating evaluations of infrastructure upgrades. An assessment of the impact of water service line replacements on water quality and access in Beira, Mozambique, reveals reduced source water contamination and improved access.

The identification of cellular targets for natural products that potently inhibit the growth of cancer cell lines implicates oxysterol-binding proteins in the growth of cancer cells. These natural products, termed ORPphilins, also affect sphingomyelin biosynthesis.

This study challenges the paradigm that resistance mutations precede fitness compensatory adaptations, showing that pre-existing alterations in mycobacterial oxidative stress responses can prime rapid evolution of resistance without fitness costs.

How insects maintain precise vision during rapid motion remains unclear. Here, the authors show that motion-driven photoreceptor dynamics and synaptic high-frequency jumping enable hyperacute, minimal-delay visual encoding.

Response to vagus nerve stimulation cannot currently be predicted, leaving many children to undergo implantation without benefit. We present a deep representation learning model using preoperative T1-weighted MRI to predict treatment response.

By tuning graphene’s electronic density of states, the study shows electrode electronic structure—not just the electrolyte—dominates reorganization energy and thus controls outer-sphere electron-transfer rates at solid–liquid interfaces.

mRNA vaccine efficacy is enhanced by silencing cell-type-specific expression.

Robustness checks and reproduction of analyses with existing and updated data based on 110 articles in economics and political science journals with data and code-sharing requirements found high levels of robustness and reproducibility and determined that robustness was not dependent on author characteristics or data availability.

The E3 ligase SCF^FBXO42 degrades holoenzyme-free PP2Ac in complex with the coiled-coil protein CCDC6 to maintain cancer cell fitness

A single-cell spatial atlas identifies a B cell-predominant microenvironment within the profibrotic tubular niche that marks a subset of patients with diabetic kidney disease with rapid progression.

Analysis of 15,836 ancient West Eurasian genomes reveals hundreds of instances of directional selection, showing that sustained changes in allele frequency were widespread, rather than being rare over this period as previously assumed.

Guan, Ocampo and colleagues report the discovery and mechanistic dissection of Al3Cas12f, a metagenome-derived miniature nuclease that retains notable genome-editing capacity. They engineer an RKK variant, which boosts editing and helps overcome the potency threshold that has limited compact editors.

Multi-ancestry and ancestry-stratified genome-wide analyses identify genetic variants associated with refractive error and enable construction of an enhanced polygenic predictor incorporating functional annotations.

Parsimonious deep neural network models can be used for prediction of visual neuron responses.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

Plasmas can unlock unconventional reactivity for established catalytic systems, but understanding the resulting mechanistic changes is a complex endeavour. Here in situ characterization techniques allow us to rationalize the promotional role of non-thermal plasma on the catalytic hydrogenation of CO₂ to methanol on Cu–Zn systems.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

Barone et al. identify a fetal-restricted wave of hematopoietic progenitors that emerge from the hemogenic endothelium before hematopoietic stem cells and substantially contribute to embryonic lympho-myelopoiesis.

Appel et al. found that deceptive networks reached over 37 million Facebook and 3 million Instagram users during the 2020 US elections, with the majority of this exposure driven by 3 networks and amplified by ordinary users resharing the content.

IMiD-based PROTACs may degrade IKZF1/3 with hematologic effects. This study profiles these liabilities using hematopoietic assays showing stem cell rewiring and interferon activation and introduces a CRBN ligand that reduces them.

Phosphorus locked in carbonate rocks from seven global sites shows simultaneous marine phosphorus spikes during major mass extinctions. Modelling ties high marine phosphorus to eutrophication, CO2 drawdown, and global cooling.

Development of myeloid leukaemia in children with Down syndrome is a stepwise process. Here, the authors employ scRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis on patient samples from various disease stages to define the cellular and molecular features of this stepwise leukaemia development.

Access to green space has been a critical, and contentious, issue for neighbourhood inequality and health outcomes. This Analysis looks at how the COVID-19 pandemic interacts with availability of nature for urban residents.

Urea, the most widely used nitrogen fertilizer, has unknown impacts on freshwater ecosystems. This study demonstrates that urea additions in Canadian prairie agricultural reservoirs triple phytoplankton abundance without increasing cyanobacterial toxins, revealing considerable nitrogen loss to the atmosphere and highlighting potential global water quality degradation in phosphorus-rich agricultural regions.

The role of mitochondrial supercomplexes in guiding redox proteins across membranes during energy conversion remains unclear. Here, authors integrate multiscale modeling and cryo-EM to examine mechanisms of electron transfer and energy conversion efficiency.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

KRAS is an oncogene that switches between a GDP-bound inactive state and a GTP-bound active state. Recently developed KRAS G12C inhibitors are specific to the GDP-bound inactive state. Here, the authors develop a class of covalent KRAS G12C inhibitors capable of targeting both states for the treatment of KRAS-driven cancer.

Recent technologies enable joint profiling of T cell RNA and T cell receptor (TCR) sequences at single-cell resolution. The authors here develop a TCR-RNA Integrating Model (TRIM) to predict intra tumor T cell signature post checkpoint inhibitor treatment by analyzing T cells from blood or tissues before treatment.

The effectiveness of marine protected areas remains uncertain. Studying 2,800 tropical reefs, the authors of this study show that marine protected areas have compensated for only a small portion of human impacts on fish contributions to people and nature, particularly in terms of biomass and biodiversity.

Microbially derived 10-oxostearic acid (10-oxoSA) interacts with PPARα in the colon to alleviate gut inflammation in acute and chronic mice models.

How the brain learns to link a sensory signal to a reward is not fully understood. Here authors show that two types of layer 5 neurons in sensory cortex contribute in different ways, helping the brain recognize relevant sensory cues and refine behavior accordingly.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

Salladay-Perez and colleagues explore senescence induction in human and mouse macrophages using multiomic profiling. They characterize a p21⁺TREM2⁺ senescent macrophage population, which they functionally implicate in inflammaging and liver disease.

Hall et al. document ‘democratic neutrality’ (neither agreement nor disagreement with undemocratic practices) as prevalent and as consequential as outright support for undemocratic practices in shaping preferences for anti-democratic candidates.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

Maize cultivar evolution boosts maize yield, yet the response pattern of maize to extreme climates is unclear. This study clarifies the synergy and trade-off mechanisms underlying the increase of yield per unit area and adaptation to extreme climates.

Governments and businesses are beginning to account for natural capital, but must collaborate to promote sustainability, combat climate change and improve decision-making.

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT), a very rare and understudied sarcoma, presents serious challenges for both diagnosis and treatment. Here, the authors employ multi-omics profiling on 30 refractory DSRCT patients to improve the diagnosis and identify potentially actionable targets for individualized DSRCT treatment.

An online experiment compared 12 brief online interventions for depression. Most improved mental health immediately, but these gains decreased over time, with only two interventions significantly reducing depression 4 weeks later.

Baum et al. present a synthesis of field data, remote-sensed data, media reports and process-based modelling analyses examining the effects of the 2021 heatwave in western North America for 32 terrestrial and marine taxa as well as gross primary productivity, streamflow and wildfire activity.

Hexokinase detachment from the outer mitochondrial membrane is shown to support aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells. Differential localization of the HK1 isoform to the outer mitochondrial membrane, compared to the HK2 isoform, explains the conditional essentiality of HK2 in cancer cells cultured in physiologic media.