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Radiation reaction (RR) on particles in strong fields is the subject of intense experimental research, but previous efforts lacked statistical significance due to the extreme regimes required. Here, the authors report a 5σ observation of RR and obtain strong, quantitative evidence favouring quantum models over classical, using an all-optical setup where electrons are accelerated by a laser in a gas jet before colliding with a second, intense pulse.

The authors demonstrate dual-probe multi-messenger imaging of high-energy-density plasmas based on laser-wakefield-accelerated electrons. This enables spatiotemporally resolved simultaneous probing of plasma hydrodynamics and electromagnetic field evolution with both x-ray and electron beams.

A van der Waals heterostructure made from atomic layers of ferroelectric CuCrP₂S₆ and ferromagnetic Fe₃GeTe₂ can offer reversible, non-volatile ferroelectric control of two-dimensional magnetism.

DynamicAtlas integrates fixed and live imaging data to generate a morphodynamic atlas of Drosophila development.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Most active particles studied to date lack the ability to undergo controlled shape transformations and control over their propulsion in response to environmental stimuli. Here, the authors present a class of active particles made from stimuli-responsive materials that exhibit fully reversible shape-dependent propulsion.

The precise characterization of magnetic fields with a bandwidth of up to 3 GHz and localized on a nanometric scale is achieved by means of the coherent control of single electron and nuclear spins.

A continuum spanning from 300 and 3000 nm is used to synthesize a single-cycle field transient and measure its waveform through electro-optic sampling, speeding up this sensitive technique so that it can access the electric field of visible light.

MedHELM, an extensible evaluation framework including a new taxonomy for classifying medical tasks and a benchmark of many datasets across these categories, enables the evaluation of large language models on real-world clinical tasks.

Trends in global H₂ sources and sinks are analysed from 1990 to 2020, and a comprehensive budget for the decade 2010–2020 is presented.

The authors provide an experimental demonstration of magnetic field generation in graphene disks via the inverse Faraday effect. When the disks are illuminated with circularly polarized radiation in resonance with the graphene plasmon frequency, the corresponding rotational motion of the charge carriers gives rise to a unipolar magnetic field.

Singlet fission produces two molecular excitations from one photon and has the potential to boost solar cell efficiencies. Now it has been shown that magnetic fields can reveal the spectral signatures of the multi-excitonic intermediates in this process.

The order in which driver mutations of colorectal cancer occur in intestinal epithelium can determine whether clones are positively or negatively selected and can shape subsequent tumour development.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

A completely solid-state, single-chip, microwave-frequency surface acoustic wave phonon laser can generate coherent phonons from thermal noise or resonantly amplify injected phonons using only a direct current bias field.

The relation between magnetooptical activity and chirality has previously been confused. Chiral polymer films are presented with state-of-the-art Verdet constants, revealing the role of chirality, and a strategy to enhance the magnetooptical B term.

The LGN is a critical stage between the retina and visual cortex, but the properties of human LGN neurons are not fully understood. Here the authors report that they closely resemble those in monkeys and that closure of one eye increases the activity of putative inhibitory neurons connected to that eye.

A key component of quantum error correction is the decoding algorithm, which needs to be accurate but also with a computational overhead that doesn’t lead to backlogs and allows fast logical clock rates. Here, the authors show an FPGA-driven decoder featuring a coarse-grained parallel architecture and on-the-fly error model updates, allowing both high accuracy and real-time operation.

The discovery of a vast reservoir of primordial neutral hydrogen gas surrounding a young galaxy cluster just one billion years after the Big Bang offers new insight into how the first large cosmic structures assembled.

New hominin fossils from the Grotte à Hominidés at Thomas Quarry I (ThI-GH) in Casablanca, Morocco, dated to around 773 thousand years ago are similar in age to Homo antecessor, yet are morphologically distinct.

The magnetic field measured by the InSight lander on Mars varies daily and is ten times stronger than expected. The field is inferred to originate from components of basement rocks magnetized by an ancient dynamo of Earth-like strength.

Spatiotemporal data consisting of measurements gathered at different times and locations is challenging to analyse due to variability and noise impact across different scales. The authors propose a statistical approach that delivers models of large-scale spatiotemporal datasets applicable to data-analysis tasks of forecasting and interpolation.

Nucleation and growth of mineral crystals plague surfaces in contact with supersaturated fluids such as heat exchangers. Here, authors achieve near complete ( > 92%) mitigation of CaCO3 precipitation via alternating electric field and elucidate the mechanism through ion displacement and EDL charging.

Whether high-order frontal lobe areas receive raw speech input in parallel with early speech areas in the temporal lobe is unclear. Here, the authors show that frontal lobe areas get fast low-level speech information in parallel with temporal lobe speech areas.

A plasma lens capable of focusing broadband extreme-ultraviolet attosecond pulses is demonstrated.

Quantum simulations of the phase diagram of quantum chromodynamics faces hard challenges, such as having to prepare mixed states and enforcing the non-Abelian gauge symmetry constraints. Here, the authors show how to solve the two above problems in a trapped-ion device using motional ancillae and charge-singlet measurements.

Complex infectious conditions, such as sepsis, requires rapid assessment of both pathogens and host responses. Here, the authors develop MIDAS, an assay platform that profiles bacterial RNA and inflammatory proteins simultaneously in under 4 hours.

Photoconductive sampling of optical fields is a powerful measurement technique, but existing models fail to connect single-electron dynamics to measured signals. Here, the authors report a model that identifies the roles of electron-neutral scattering and mean-field charge interaction in photoconductive sampling.

How chemotherapeutic nucleoside 6-thio-2’-deoxyguanosine (6-thiodG) targets telomerase to inhibit telomere maintenance in cancer cells and tumors was unclear. Here, the authors show that telomere length and telomerase status determine 6-thio-dG sensitivity and uncover the molecular mechanism by which 6-thio-dG selectively inhibits telomerase synthesis of telomeric DNA.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

During plant cultivation, denitrification process can release greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N₂O) to atmosphere. Here, the authors develop a soybean–bradyrhizobial symbiosis system with enhanced capacity to reduce N₂O emissions using the incompatibility between two soybean R genes and their effector present in bradyrhizobia.

Russo et al. show that context-specific place cell assemblies support hippocampal integration of past experiences into future plans during goal-directed behavior and propose a biophysical mechanism behind the formation of goal dependent theta sequences.

Femtosecond photoexcitation drives a coherent twist–untwist motion of the moiré superlattice in 2° and 57° twisted WSe₂/MoSe₂ heterobilayers.

In this study, the authors generated iPSC lines from more than 100 sporadic ALS cases, which recapitulated key disease phenotypes and enabled large-scale drug screening, identifying a promising combination therapy of baricitinib, memantine and riluzole.

Here, the authors examine the mechanisms behind cheatgrass’s successful invasion of North American ecosystems. Their genetic analyses and common garden experiments demonstrate that multiple introductions and migrations facilitated cheatgrass local adaptation.

The spatial and temporal control of material properties at a distance have been so far achieved with light, heat, or sound. Here, the authors control chemical reactions and further polymerization of composites with an electric field via inverse piezo-effect resulting in multi-stiffness gels.

The temporal resolution of optical measurements of neural activity has traditionally been limited by the image or volume acquisition rate. Here, the authors describe an analysis that exploits the short duration of neural measurements within each image to extract neural responses at higher temporal resolution than the acquisition rate.

Determinants of Vibrio cholerae transmission are incompletely understood. Here, the authors use an infant mouse model to show that events in the intestine govern inter-animal transmission and that bacterial motility along with cholera toxin-driven diarrhea are critical for pathogen spread.

The International Brain Laboratory presents a brain-wide electrophysiological map obtained from pooling data from 12 laboratories that performed the same standardized perceptual decision-making task in mice.

Stability and flexibility are important, if antagonistic, features of memory. Here the authors show that a class of inhibitory neurons regulate plasticity and therefore the stability of memory representations in novel contexts requiring flexibility.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity and plasticity due to interplay with neural developmental programs. Here, the authors develop a model of GBM by introducing sequential oncogenic mutations in human neural stem cells and using this, identify INSM1 as a driver of a neural progenitor gene network promoting tumorigenesis.

Allogenic mesenchymal stem cells are engineered with three mRNAs to bind to multiple myeloma B cells while activating T cells for cancer therapy.

Adherent-invasive strains of E. coli are commonly isolated from patients with Crohn’s disease. Here, the authors show that an AIEC harbours a hybrid Type IV secretion system (T4SS) that mediates pilin polymerization and biofilm formation in vivo.

Dynamic systems show promise for physical neural networks, but gradient based optimization requires mathematical models. Here, the authors present a data-driven framework for optimizing networks of arbitrary dynamic systems which is robust to noise, and enables tasks such as neuroprosthetic control.

Whole-genome sequencing analysis of individuals with primary immunodeficiency identifies new candidate disease-associated genes and shows how the interplay between genetic variants can explain the variable penetrance and complexity of the disease.

Atmospheric reanalyses combined with ocean observations and model simulations show that the extreme 2023 North Atlantic heatwave was primarily driven by anomalously weak winds leading to strongly shoaling mixed layers, with a smaller contribution from clearer skies.

This study reveals that an outer membrane protein from the predator Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus forms a pentameric assembly that traps a lipid monolayer within. This allows the discovery of two superfamilies, distributed across a wide range of bacteria, likely to adopt a similar architecture.