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DUBs regulate key cellular processes, but selective tools are scarce. Here, the authors developed PROTACs for the DUB USP7, comparing degraders with inhibitors. The study provides a valuable toolbox for studying DUB functions and underscores the power of PROTACs in revealing context-specific biology.

LHAASO has detected γ-ray emission with a spectrum extending to 2 PeV from the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by PSR J1849-0001, indicating an extreme particle acceleration efficiency and challenging the current particle acceleration theories.

A photolithographic fabrication process can be used to create soft and stretchy organic electrochemical transistor arrays that have a density up to 10,000 devices per square centimetre, and can perform edge computing tasks in wearable devices and soft robots.

Here, the authors show that impaired renal clearance of uric acid (UA) accounts for neutrophil dysfunction, a hallmark of acquired immunodeficiency in kidney disease, which increases inflammatory immune responses and the susceptibility to infection.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Natural products inspire the development of pseudo-natural products through combinations of fragments of compound classes that are chemically and biologically distinct. Here, the authors report a library of 244 pseudo-natural products, evaluate them in the cell painting essays and identify the phenotypic role of individual fragments.

Most bacteria use a flagellum, to swim and disseminate in their environment, and it is essential for virulence. In Vibrio, the flagellum is surrounded by a sheath, a membrane-like shield that protects the bacterium from the host’s immune system. Here, authors have obtained a view of the sheathed flagellum to atomic levels, revealing the molecular details of how the flagellum rotates within the sheath.

Radiocarbon analyses show that dryland soils store organic carbon with a mean age of ~2100 years and release carbon averaging ~520 years old, suggesting that long-stored carbon in drylands is vulnerable to environmental change.

Coherent exciton dynamics in antiferromagnetic CrSBr are studied by petahertz field-resolved spectroscopy, revealing how laser-imprinted exciton coherence persists beyond excitation and is modulated by spin and lattice modes.

Tuning symmetry breaking in magnetic transitions via twist-angle engineering is challenging, as twisted two-dimensional magnets often inherit the magnetic ground states of their constituent parts. Now this tunability is achieved in a double-bilayer moiré magnet.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

Extrachromosomal circular DNAs (ecDNAs) are prevalent in human cancers and are thought to drive tumor evolution and drug resistance by amplifying oncogenes. Here, authors develop ec3D to reconstruct three-dimensional ecDNA structures, revealing how their spatial organization rewires regulatory circuits.

A method to make a big family of non-van der Waals superlattices of carbides and carbonitrides based on the delamination and rolling-up of multilayer MXenes is presented. 

The Einstein Probe has discovered a fast X-ray transient, EP240414a, associated with a broad-lined type Ic supernova. Its unusually soft spectrum and weak jet add to the diversity of stellar deaths and suggest a previously unknown Wolf–Rayet star explosion mechanism.

Atomically thin nitrogen crystals, termed nitrogene, have been theoretically predicted, but their synthesis has remained elusive so far. Here, the authors report experimental evidence of the formation of nitrogen-based crystalline structures compatible with nitrogene on Ag(100) surfaces via ion-beam-assisted epitaxy.

Using multislice electron ptychography to directly measure the atomic-scale structural evolution of the nickelate La₃Ni₂O₇ under a range of biaxial strains, a theoretical framework is constructed for characterizing the impact of specific structural motifs for stabilizing superconductivity.

The 4D Nucleome Project demonstrates the use of genomic assays and computational methods to measure genome folding and then predict genomic structure from DNA sequence, facilitating the discovery of potential effects of genetic variants, including variants associated with disease, on genome structure and function.

The authors from the ALICE collaboration identify multiple species of mesons and baryons and measure the anisotropic flow with non-flow removal techniques in pp and p-Pb collisions at the LHC, identifying the hallmark of quark flow associated with an expanding quark-gluon plasma.

In a prospective multi-centre cohort in China, people living in areas of high soil selenium had a 35% increased risk of incident diabetes over a 3-year study period, with a stronger effect seen for men.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Analysis of 15,836 ancient West Eurasian genomes reveals hundreds of instances of directional selection, showing that sustained changes in allele frequency were widespread, rather than being rare over this period as previously assumed.

Mapping of the neutrophil compartment using single-cell transcriptional data from multiple physiological and patological states reveals its organizational architecture and how cell state dynamics and trajectories vary during health, inflammation and cancer.

Mechanically interlocked monolayer and bilayer two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) are synthesized on the water surface by embedding macrocyclic molecules with one and two cavities into the backbones. The resulting bilayer 2DP displays a high effective Young’s modulus, exceeding other reported multilayer 2DPs.

The Fermi-LAT Collaboration reports a significant γ-ray detection (5.2σ) from the coronae of radio-quiet active galactic nuclei, revealing compact (~10 gravitational radii) and extended (~2.7 × 10⁶ gravitational radii) corona regions, challenging existing models.

This study reports an adsorption-independent O₂ activation pathway for superior ¹O₂ electrosynthesis via an O₂ mono-hydrogenation process on compressive-strained rutile TiO₂. The compressive-strained TiO₂ suppresses the formation of reductive unsaturated sites for O₂ adsorption and enhances the reductive ability of atomic hydrogen, thereby enabling direct O₂ hydrogenation into free ^•OOH without the O₂ adsorption.

Salvinorin A is a furanoclerodane diterpenoid produced by Salvia divinorum. Here, the authors assemble the S. divinorum genome and, through comparative genomics with non-producing Salvia species, identify steps in salvinorin A biosynthesis involving cytochrome P450 and methyltransferase enzymes.

The existence of a long-lived, prethermal regime in many-body systems with tunable heating rates, driven by structured random protocols, is observed using a 78-qubit superconducting quantum processor.

Improving crop yield very often comes at the cost of crop quality and stress resistance. Here, the authors report that gene editing of the thiamine pyrophosphate riboswitch in rice leads to elevated levels of various vitamins and phytonutrients, as well as resistance to cold and blast disease without penalty on grain yield.

Brain age gaps (BAGs) highlight deviations from healthy brain aging, yet their biophysical underpinnings in aging and dementia are not well understood. Here, the authors use EEG connectivity and generative modeling across diverse populations to reveal that BAGs are influenced by geography, income, sex and education, with implications for understanding accelerated aging and dementia.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

In this study, the authors reveal two hippocampal neuron subpopulations that encode time or distance via opposing ramping dynamics. These populations form parallel circuits controlled by distinct interneurons, PV for initiation and SST for maintenance of encoding.

The controlled synthesis of monodisperse nanospheres faces a number of difficulties, such as extensive crosslinking during hydrothermal processes. Here, the authors show a route for the controlled synthesis of mesoporous polymer nanospheres, which can be further converted into carbon nanospheres through carbonization.

The STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory demonstrates evidence of spin correlations in \(\Lambda \bar{\Lambda }\) hyperon pairs inherited from virtual spin-correlated strange quark–antiquark pairs during QCD confinement.

Batki, Hetzel et al. report a lineage-tracing strategy to track extraembryonic gut endoderm cells over development. They find that these cells are eventually eliminated in a p53-dependent manner and neighbouring embryonic cells clear their remnants.

The genetic determinants of long-distance migration in birds are largely unknown. Sokolovskis et al. tracked genotyped hybrid willow warblers from a migratory divide in Sweden and find that autumn migration direction is consistent with a dominant inheritance pattern of two large effect loci that interact through epistasis.

2D polymer materials are often limited in performance by insufficient in-plane conjugation and poor charge transport. Guided by theoretical calculations, the authors present diketopyrrolopyrrole-based crystalline 2D poly(arylene vinylene)s with narrow optical band gaps of 1 eV and high charge carrier mobility.

The Mass Spectrometry Query Language (MassQL) is an open-source language that enables instrument-independent searching across mass spectrometry data for complex patterns of interest via concise and expressive queries without the need for programming skills.

Topological Kondo insulators have been suggested in three-dimensional bulk materials like SmB₆, but they have not been observed in two-dimensional materials. Now, this is achieved in a transition metal dichalcogenide moiré bilayer.

Trends in global H₂ sources and sinks are analysed from 1990 to 2020, and a comprehensive budget for the decade 2010–2020 is presented.

PCMT1, long known for its role in protein repair, can also install C-terminal degrons recognized by cereblon (CRBN). This finding links protein repair and degradation through shared chemistry, identifying an enzymatic writer of a C-terminal degradation mark with translational potential.

Observations of γ-rays with energies up to 1.4 PeV find that 12 sources in the Galaxy are PeVatrons, one of which is the Crab Nebula.

The phase transitions of rare earth nickelates have attracted intensive study as they arise from the complex interplay of charge, spin and lattice degrees of freedom. Here Guo et al. present evidence that LaNiO₃ has an unanticipated magnetically ordered metallic phase.

The authors show that a bacterial histone, HLp from Leptospira perolatii, forms tetramers that wrap and compact DNA, revealing an unexpected mechanism by which bacteria organize their genetic material.

An axion cloud surrounding a spinning black hole would rotate the electric vector position angles of linearly polarized emissions. Tight constraints on the axion–photon coupling can therefore be obtained from polarization information in the Event Horizon Telescope’s images of M87^⋆.

This study analyses radio observations of the jet in galaxy M87, from which the existence of a spinning black hole that induces Lense–Thirring precession of a misaligned accretion disk is inferred.

Analysis of the longest-lived mammal, the bowhead whale, reveals an improved ability to repair DNA breaks, mediated by high levels of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein.