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Leaf rust threatens wheat production worldwide. Here, the authors report a high-quality genome assembly of the leaf rust resistant durum wheat landrace PI 192051 and the cloning of the leaf rust resistance gene Lr.ace-4A/Lr30.

Forest management primarily drives the carbon sink enhancement in China from 2001 to 2021, achieving carbon gains at a rate over 4 times higher than afforestation, according to an integrated framework combining remote sensing-driven and climate-driven process models.

Efficient adenine base editors (ABEs) often induce bystander and off-target effects. Here, Shang et al. developed a YA (Y = T or C) motif preferred ABE(ABE8e-YA) that minimizes these effects, enabling precise and effective pathogenic mutation correction, disease modeling, and in vivo gene therapy.

A circular economy approach applied to the global lithium-ion battery supply chain shows that combining cross-regional cooperation on technology and trade with regionally tailored domestic circular economy policies yields the highest global emission reduction.

Expanding editing scope while reducing byproducts is now possible for prime editing. Here, authors develop reverse prime editing (rPE), a SpCas9-based tool enabling editing in reverse window with high fidelity and demonstrate its use in inserting therapeutic variants.

Electrocatalysis offers important opportunities for clean fuel production, but uncovering the chemistry at the electrode surface remains a challenge. Here, the authors exploit a single-nanosheet electrode to perform in-situ measurements of water oxidation electrocatalysis and reveal a crucial interaction with oxygen.

Alkyne hydrogenation is important for producing industrially relevant materials. Here, the authors illustrate why most Cu-based electrocatalysts favor alkyne hydrogenation toward alkene and discuss how to design catalysts which favor alkane formation.

Salmonella is a significant cause of gastrointestinal infection and asymptomatic carriage can contribute to transmission. Here, the authors investigate the prevalence of asymptomatic carriage of Salmonella in Yulin, China through occupational health screening and find that carriage was higher in food workers.

Understanding the in vivo biotransformation of nanomaterials used for biomedical applications might shed light on their long-term effects and safety. Here the authors show that molybdenum derived from nanomaterials is mainly transported in the liver, in a corona-mediated process, and is incorporated in molybdoenzymes, with an effect on liver metabolism.

Here the authors elucidate the epigenetic basis underlying the activation of PVR-associated genes during RPE cell fate transitions and offers potential therapeutic avenues targeting epigenetic modulation and the RANK-NFATc1 axis for PVR management.

Anode-free Li metal batteries suffer from irreversible Li plating/stripping and interfacial side reactions. Here, authors propose a dual-gradient metal layer on Cu current collector to promote uniform Li deposition and the in situ formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase.

ASB7 acts as the substrate receptor for cullin 5 RING E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL5), targeting the internal α-helix degron for degradation. Here, the authors elucidate the molecular mechanism of substrate recognition by ASB7 using structural, biochemical and cellular analyses.

The intestinal symbiont Desulfovibrio, which is enriched in individuals with metabolic syndrome, is found to suppress the production of GLP-1 in male mice. The over-the-counter drug bismuth subsalicylate inhibits the effect of Desulfovibrio and restores GLP-1 levels.

This study reports unexpected structural diversity in computationally designed protein assemblies due to subunit flexibility. Fixing flexibility in one design restores the intended architecture, suggesting a strategy to design dynamic assemblies.

Schrank et al. report the design and characterization of an antibody–toxin conjugate targeting CD47, promoting anti-tumor immunity in preclinical cancer models.

The gut microbiome affects systemic metabolism and is a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes. Here the authors demonstrate in a randomized controlled trial that effects of berberine, a plant alkaloid known to lower blood glucose, may be explained by the inhibition of Ruminococcus bromii mediated biotransformation of the bile acid deoxycholic acid.

A 2D Czochralski method is introduced for rapidly growing centimetre-scale single-crystal MoS₂ domains with low defect density and impressive electrical performance. This method shows potential for fabricating high-quality and scalable 2D semiconductor materials and devices.

Despite many recent advances in cryo-EM, imaging smaller macromolecules (below 100 kDa) has remained a challenge. Here the authors show that biological specimens amassing <100 kDa can be resolved to better than 3 Å resolution using conventional defocus-based single-particle analysis methods.

The hydrophobicity, electrostatic charge and secondary conformation of helical polypeptides can be optimized to stimulate antitumour innate immune responses via endoplasmic reticulum stress in antigen-presenting cells.

Managing natural systems to mitigation climate change is a key strategy for limiting warming. In China, such natural climate solutions could offset 6% of CO₂ emissions during 2020–2030, contributing to mitigation goals but highlighting the importance of emissions reductions.

This study shows that among healthy adults tracked across their lives, brain atrophy rates correlate with genetic risk for Alzheimer’s and memory decline, and that degeneration in Alzheimer’s-vulnerable brain regions is a continuous phenomenon.

The molecular mechanism of LAP activation against invading pathogens is not fully understood. Here the authors demonstrate that programmed cell death 6 (PDCD6) negatively regulates LAP formation and the antibacterial response by interacting with lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) to downregulate lactate metabolism and RUBCN lactylation-mediated signaling.

There is an emerging interest in the use of mRNA therapeutics in cancer treatment, but their precise in vivo delivery remains a challenge. Here the authors develop IFN-γ mRNA-loaded small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) with CD64 overexpressed on their surface and demonstrate its efficacy in glioblastoma mouse models resistant to immunotherapy.

Growing biomass carbon stock in China between 2001 and 2020 is driven by conservation and anthropogenic expansion of woodland.

Perovskite light emitting diodes suffer from operational stability, showing rapid decay of performance within minutes to hours after turn-on. Here, the authors investigate how the steric and Coulomb interaction of ammonium passivation molecules with varying alkyl chain length can improve device stability by suppressing iodide ion migration.

Crumpled graphene structures are promising for electrochemical energy storage. Here, the authors synthesize deeply crumpled pinecone-like graphene sheets, which show self-adaptive folding-unfolding behaviours in cycling leading to robust battery performances.

There are intensive efforts in developing anode materials for sodium-ion batteries. Here, the authors present a graphene-titanium dioxide composite as an anode material and show that sodium ion intercalation pseudocapacitance charge storage leads to excellent electrochemical properties.

Laser-based micro-focused angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy reveals both fractionalized and marginal quasiparticles in C₃-symmetric electron pockets near the Brillouin zone centre of the ferromagnetic kagome metal Fe₃Sn₂.

Nanowires and nanotubes are ideal candidates for energy applications but inorganic multielement oxides are less well studied. Here, the authors propose a gradient-electrospinning followed by controlled-pyrolysis method to synthesize various controllable one dimensional metal oxide nanostructures.

Valley anisotropy is proposed theoretically to benefit the electrical transport of thermoelectric materials but it lacks experimental demonstration. Here, the authors demonstrate how to utilize the single anisotropic Fermi pocket in p-type Mg₃Sb₂ to enhance its thermoelectric properties.

Lv et al. reveal a non-canonical role for gasdermin E in protecting pancreatic cancer cells from chymotrypsin-mediated digestion in the microenvironment by promoting the transcription factor YBX1 to induce mucin expression.

Low-cost targeted approach to construct haplotype-resolved assemblies is needed to facilitate population genetic studies. Here, the authors demonstrate assembling high-quality MHC haplotypes with CRISPR-based enrichment and long-read sequencings.

Near-infrared perovskite light-emitting diodes with extrapolated device lifespans on the scale of years are achieved by the use of a dipolar molecular stabilizer.

Interactions between the monsoon and decadal oscillations in the Pacific and Atlantic have influenced the multidecadal variability of precipitation in eastern China over the past 1150 years, according to stable oxygen isotope records from three stalagmites.

Reliable and fast active reset protocols are key to the functioning of quantum computing systems. Here, the authors use parametric driving to swap an excitation from a transmon qubit to its readout resonator within 34 ns, with negligible effects on neighboring qubits.

The combination of single-molecule quantification of mRNA and gene loci in single Escherichia coli cells with mathematical models of mRNA dynamics reveals additional factors governing transcription, including contributions from the transcriptional state of another copy of the same gene present in the cell and from gene-replication events.