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From 2014–2017, marine heatwaves caused global mass coral bleaching, where the corals lose their symbiotic algae. The authors find, this event exceeded the severity of all prior global bleaching events in recorded history, with approximately half the world’s reefs bleaching and 15% experiencing substantial mortality.

The Evaluation and Enhancement (EVEN) method optimizes automatically the quality of multichannel microscopy images affected by uneven illumination, enabling accurate visual interpretation and image analysis in challenging imaging scenarios.

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT), a very rare and understudied sarcoma, presents serious challenges for both diagnosis and treatment. Here, the authors employ multi-omics profiling on 30 refractory DSRCT patients to improve the diagnosis and identify potentially actionable targets for individualized DSRCT treatment.

The International Society of Neuroimmunology (ISNI) Mid-Career Awards promote the next generation of neuroimmunologists by recognizing the contributions of emerging leaders in the field. Veronique Miron was a 2025 awardee in Fundamental Neuroimmunology. We spoke to her about her research and developments in neuroimmunology.

A pangenome reference for the phenotypically diverse crop sorghum aims to help accelerate future efforts to breed crops that are better adapted to changing environments.

A new platform making use of hexagonal boron nitride interfaced with the molecular superconductor κ-(BEDT-TTF)₂Cu[N(CN)₂]Br is demonstrated for realizing cavity-altered materials, confirmed by magnetic force microscopy and nano-optical measurements.

Marwitz et al. demonstrate the use of large language models to build semantic concept graphs from materials science abstracts and train a machine learning model to predict emerging topic combinations from historical data. They show that the model enables experts to find suggestions that can inspire new research.

A single-cell multiomic atlas of the human maternal–fetal interface across pregnancy reveals cell types, states and spatial niches, developmental tissue architectures and transcriptional programmes, and identifies cell types with roles in pre-eclampsia, spontaneous preterm birth and miscarriage.

The Human Development Multiomic Atlas catalogues single-cell accessibility and gene expression data from human fetal cells across 12 organs, enabling the inference of syntactic rules for motifs that govern cell-type-specific transcription factor binding and chromatin accessibility during human development.

Researchers reveal that TNF alpha unmasks a metabolic impairment in the enteric malate-aspartate shuttle. This dysfunction acts as a key pathological bridge linking intestinal inflammation to the neurodegeneration seen in Parkinson’s disease.

All-van der Waals multiferroic tunnel junctions exhibit four non-volatile resistance states with full layer tailorability, enabling up to 10⁶% tunnelling electroresistance, 10⁴ A cm⁻² ON-state current density and room temperature operation.

The authors simulate phytoplankton macromolecular composition—proteins, carbohydrates and lipids—under present and future scenarios. They show increased protein allocation in subtropical phytoplankton but declines in high-latitude populations under warming, with implications for marine food webs.

Variation in responses to bacterial and viral stimuli between Batwa rainforest hunter-gatherers and Bakiga agriculturalists from Uganda suggests population-level divergence under natural selection, with hunter-gatherers disproportionately showing signatures of positive selection.

Synchrotron experiments show that the anomalous hyper-diffusive atomic motion in metallic glasses corresponds to a regime of medium-length-scale order, resulting from internal stresses developed throughout the glass transition.

Natural hydrogen is generated through chemical and radioactive processes in the Earth’s crust, and could be an important future clean chemical feedstock and energy resource. This Review examines the processes of geological hydrogen generation, migration, accumulation and preservation that enable the development of exploitable reserves.

By measuring charge exchange in a sphere/plate pair composed of identical amorphous silicon dioxide and controlling charging polarity using baking or plasma treatment, adventitious carbon is shown to break symmetry in oxide contact electrification.

Lysosome positioning is essential for cell metabolism and stress responses. Here, the authors show that the TMEM55B-associated protein TBC1D9B controls lysosome positioning, autophagy, and starvation-induced degradation by serving as a GTPase activating protein of ARL8B

An electrothermal fluorination methodology has been developed to transform granular activated carbon-sorbed aqueous film-forming foam waste into graphene and a fluorinating reagent, subsequently enabling lithium recovery from brine sources.

Zhou, Ho and colleagues show that, in mice, a schizophrenia-associated mutation impairs belief updating by weakening mediodorsal (MD) thalamus activity. Boosting this activity restored flexible decision-making, suggesting MD thalamus as a potential therapeutic target.

Biallelic variants in RNU4-2 cause a recessive neurodevelopmental disorder that is phenotypically and molecularly distinct from dominant ReNU syndrome and associated with reduced RNU4-2 transcript levels, consistent with a loss-of-function mechanism.

Gene correction in the lung is achieved with inhalable mRNA lipid nanoparticles containing an amino acid-derived ionizable lipid identified from screening and structure–function optimization studies.

SC83288 is an antimalarial candidate in preclinical development. Here the authors show that SC83288 kills malaria parasites by blocking DNA replication, while resistance arises through PfATP6-mediated sequestration of the compound into the endoplasmic reticulum.

The response of soil carbon to warming is critical feedback that has been difficult to constrain. This study uses a long-term experiment to show that precipitation modulates microbial and therefore carbon dynamics; drought leads to carbon loss with warming, but wet conditions increase soil carbon.

Poly(para-phenylene) chains can be synthesized by surface-assisted Ullmann coupling, but the step-growth mechanism limits elongation beyond ~100 nm. Now poly(para-phenylene) chains in the micrometre range have been obtained by an on-surface radical ring-opening polymerization reaction following a chain-growth mode. This process provides precursors that enable the growth of high-quality non-benzenoid biphenylene nanoribbons.

Over five years, implementation of the NHS England Lung Cancer Screening Programme achieved high early-stage detection rates and demonstrated that the programme is both feasible and scalable for reaching high-risk and underserved populations.

This study shows that the Cantor alloy (CoCrFeNiMn), inert to hydrogen at room temperature, forms a stoichiometric hydride under high-pressure, high-temperature conditions, supported by X-ray, neutron diffraction, and ab initio calculations.

Chromatin plays a central role in gene regulation, but chromatin systems are only known for a few model species. This study analyses chromatin regulatory landscapes in brown algal lineages to elucidate the structural organization and evolution of chromatin in these multicellular eukaryotes.

Estimates of mean ocean temperature based on noble gas (Xe/Kr) measurements in shallow ice cores from the Allan Hills blue ice area, Antarctica, indicate enhanced cooling around the Plio-Pleistocene Transition and enhanced ice sheet growth around the time of the Mid-Pleistocene Transition.

Jacquemyn et al. identify key lipid determinants controlling ectosome shedding from neurons. They find that ectosomes are a major route for the intercellular transport of misfolded α-synuclein, with relevance to Parkinson’s disease pathology.

An online experiment compared 12 brief online interventions for depression. Most improved mental health immediately, but these gains decreased over time, with only two interventions significantly reducing depression 4 weeks later.

Genetic predictors of health outcomes often drop in accuracy when applied to people dissimilar to participants of large genetic studies. Here, the authors investigate the root causes and highlight open questions underlying this problem.

Using nasal brush biopsies from the olfactory region, single-cell profiling revealed neuroimmune alterations in Alzheimer’s Disease detectable at a pre-clinical stage, offering an accessible window into early neurodegenerative disease in humans.

While boreal forest fires in Alaska tend to induce net warming through high fuel consumption and permafrost thaw, those in Canada generally lead to net cooling by increasing snow albedo, according to a multi-data analysis over 2001–2019.

In the pursuit of exciting scientific discoveries, researchers often learn to maintain a work–life balance and build an expansive scientific network, as well as publish and build their repertoire as a senior author. In this instalment of our Career Pathways series, Xiaofei Yu and Michael Lukey share their experiences in juggling these diverse aspects of scientific research and academia.

Scanning nitrogen-vacancy microscopy unveils super-moiré spin textures emerging in twisted double-bilayer CrI₃ and provides real-space evidence of antiferromagnetic Néel-type skyrmions spanning multiple moiré cells.

A transformer-based vision system for cardiac MRI offers a generalizable and data-efficient system for diverse tasks in cardiology, offering clear advantages for contextualizing human cardiovascular disease and diagnosing disease.

Starburst galaxies are seen to host galaxy-scale winds, which are super-fast and could be powered entirely by the thermal pressure of gas heated by supernovae.

Detection of electric fields, central to chemical and biological processes, has been limited to measurements of current (e.g., electrodes) and secondary reporters (e.g., fluorescent dyes). Here, the authors demonstrate an optical platform capable of imaging electric field dynamics with high spatio-temporal resolution.

A gripping account reveals the workings of the remarkable chromosomes that specify male or female development.

StructureMASST enables pan-repository MS/MS searches using a chemical name or structure.

Topological defect quadrupoles orchestrate predictable failure patterns in active nematic solid networks.

Blue ice records from Antarctica are used to determine methane and carbon dioxide concentrations over the past 3 million years.

Variant mapping of sorghum promoters identifies CRISPR-accessible mutations that upregulate gene expression.

Internationally respected astronomer and renowned comet physics expert Michael Francis A’Hearn (1940–2017) passed away on 29 May 2017 at the age of 76.