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Cells prevent the mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uniporter from causing Ca²⁺ overload and cell death by expressing the non-conductive regulator MCUb. Here, the authors rebuild Ca²⁺ conductance in MCUb, revealing the molecular basis of its regulatory function.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) has built a cohort of more than half a million individuals with Han Chinese ancestry, providing a rich resource of genetic and medical data for this group.

The DAMPE satellite observed a universal charge-dependent spectral softening in primary cosmic rays, and ruled out mass-dependent softening with >99.999% confidence.

Comprehensive benchmarking of computational methods for the prognostic significance of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer remains elusive. Here, the authors perform multi-centric validation and evaluation of multiple cTILs methods in a large cohort of triple negative and HER2+ breast cancer patients.

Maternal obesity is known to cause systemic lipid dysregulation, yet its effect on lipid reprogramming during the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) remains unknown. Here, they show that obesity disrupts very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) storage in oocytes, impairing peroxisomal protein import in 2-cell embryos.

The spread of carbon neutrality pledges calls for robust estimates of their agricultural and economic impacts. Using an integrated assessment framework that links climate, atmospheric chemistry, agriculture and economic modules, this study shows that accounting for ozone increases the estimated crop and economic benefits of these pledges.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

This study highlights a strategy to additively manufacture lightweight, strong, and ductile heat-resistant aluminum alloys. The partial solid-state amorphization of the nanoprecipitates during high-temperature tension offers an additional toughening mechanism.

High-entropy alloys are often presumed stable and intrinsically beneficial for electrocatalysis. This Comment argues that in situ structural evolution can diminish configurational entropy, necessitating rigorous identification of active phases under operando conditions before attributing catalytic performance to high-entropy effects.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Tsai and colleagues propose that BET inhibitors can blunt T cell exhaustion via a pathway involving ornithine decarboxylase-dependent polyamine biosynthesis.

Synthetic DNA guides (crDNA) reprogram Cas12a nucleases for RNA targeting.

The authors conducted a genome-wide association study of bipolar disorder (BD) in Han Chinese and integrated PGC4 East Asian and European datasets, discovering 23 novel loci, prioritizing 39 credible risk genes and implicating BD-related cell types and druggable targets.

DNA-sequencing data from primary tumours and paired metastases from participants in the TRACERx lung study and PEACE autopsy programme are used to analyse the metastatic diversity of advanced non-small cell lung cancer and the seeding patterns that underpin it.

A Rh(I)/diene-catalysed enantioselective B–H bond insertion and [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement cascade is reported, providing a platform for the synthesis of chiral δ-amino acid derivatives bearing two contiguous stereocentres with excellent stereocontrol. The success of this transformation relies on the multifunctional role of a transient borane moiety.

Conversion-type batteries involving solid–solid transformations can store more energy than intercalation materials; however, their rates and cyclability have been limited by kinetics and incomplete conversion. This study introduces homonuclear dual-atom catalysts that increase the conductivity of insulating solid intermediates to enhance lithium–sulfur (and lithium–air) battery performance.

Cultivated banana is threatened by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (TR4). In this study, the authors assemble the genome of Musa cheesmanii, a wild banana species that is highly resistant to TR4, and use it in crossbreeding with two cultivars to enhance disease resistance.

Climate limits where insects can live and which species can coexist. Using thermal tolerances of 653 moths on Asian mountains, this study shows warmer temperatures broaden thermal tolerance traits diversity; daily variation has little influence, and strong seasonality mildly weakens this pattern.

Combining distinct confinement mechanisms can enable the engineering of novel electronic states. Here, the authors integrate a moiré potential with vertical quantum confinement in a heterostructure composed of twisted bilayer MoS₂ on (111)-oriented Bi nanofilms, revealing experimental signatures of a Wigner crystal.

Ti/Co dual-doped LaFeO₃ perovskite rapidly removes humic acid from water, and its magnetic, Fenton-active design enables easy recovery and quick in situ regeneration with H₂O₂ for stable long-term reuse.

Pyridine hydrogenation on supported metal particles is a powerful yet challenging synthetic transformation due to the strong coordinating effect of pyridine that limits hydrogen adsorption and activation. Here the authors adopt dealuminated Beta zeolite to entrap nickel nanoparticles and use the porosity of the support to effectively modulate pyridine and hydrogen activation.

ASXL1 is often mutated in myeloid cancers. Here, the authors describe the molecular and structural mechanism by which ASXL1 associates with the transcriptional coactivator BRD4, helping to explain their high correlation in cancers.

Here the authors identify via an East Asian mQTL study (n = 7,619) nearly 29,000 novel mCpG. It shows that mQTLs are strongly enriched for disease heritability, especially when ancestry is matched, underscoring their utility in interpreting GWAS results.

Here the authors show that marine diatoms produce tryptophanol, a molecule that at extremely low concentrations rapidly activates nitrogen assimilation genes and enzymes. This facilitates acquisition of nitrogen, a vital ocean nutrient.

Researchers found that in China and Norway, cerebrospinal fluid NPTX1 and NPTXR drop as Alzheimer’s worsens, track brain thinning and cognition, and predict faster decline and conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia within 3 years.

Integrated quantum memories based on ¹⁵¹Eu³⁺:Y₂SiO₅ crystals coupled with impedance-matched optical cavities are demonstrated. Multiplexed quantum storage efficiencies of 80.3% and 69.8% are achieved for weak coherent pulses and telecom-heralded single photons, respectively.

Data heterogeneity presents a challenge in distributed artificial intelligence (AI) for medical imaging across diverse clinical settings. Here, the authors develop HeteroSync Learning, a privacy-preserving distributed learning framework that mitigates data heterogeneity and outperforms classical, state-of-the-art, and foundation models.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are linked to dyslipidemia, but why individuals respond differently is unclear. Here, the authors use a national biomonitoring cohort to reveal how specific genetic variants interact with PBDE exposure to increase risk, identifying a key mechanism that disrupts cholesterol metabolism.

CD8⁺ T cell abundance in the tumor microenvironment is critical for immunotherapy success. This study shows that the STING–TOX axis suppresses CD8⁺ T cell antitumor activity by inducing ferroptosis. STING–TOX-deficient CD8⁺ T cells enhance outcomes when combined with checkpoint blockade or chemotherapy.

Simultaneously capturing polarization and frequency is challenging. This work develops a metasurface-based intelligent photodetector, which can detect arbitrary polarization and frequency within 0.3-1.1 THz with a total error smaller than 5.1%.

Cascaded nonlinear optics has long enabled advances in short-wavelength generation, but equivalent approaches for long wavelengths remain underdeveloped. Here, the authors demonstrate a chip-based lithium niobate platform that delivers tunable mid-infrared light, opening new possibilities for sensing, spectroscopy, and communications.

Stomatin is a component of lipid rafts. Here, Wu et al. show that stomatin modulates the differentiation and functions of adipocytes by regulating adipogenesis signaling and fatty acid influx such that with excessive calorie intake, increased stomatin induces adiposity.

Mutations of the histone H3K36-specific methyltransferase ASH1L have been linked to several human diseases. Here, the authors report the mechanism by which three C-terminal domains in ASH1L regulate its enzymatic activity and interact with chromatin.