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Integration of mathematical modeling, ecological analyses of patient biopsies, and neoantigen heterogeneity suggests recruitment of immunosuppressive cells is key to initializing transformation from adenoma to carcinoma in human colorectal cancer.

A phase I trial of a neoantigen-targeting personalized cancer vaccine led to durable and polyfunctional T cell responses and antitumour recognition, and was associated with no recurrence in patients with high-risk clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Controlling the selectivity of the chemical modification of a genetic-manipulation-free protein is currently problematic. Here the authors report a method using cysteine-based chemoselective Linchpin Directed site-selective Modification of the lysine residue in a protein.

ARLNC1 is a newly discovered lncRNA that is induced by androgen receptor (AR) and maintains AR signaling by stabilizing the AR transcript. Knockdown of ARLNC1 suppresses AR expression, AR signaling and prostate cancer growth in vitro and in vivo.

The shift in fluorescence lifetime of tumour tissue with respect to normal tissue after systemic injection of the near-infrared dye indocyanine green can be used to distinguish tumour tissue from normal tissue with high accuracy.

To evaluate the effects of implementing the WHO Labour Care Guide on cesarean section rates, as compared to routine intrapartum care, a pilot trial conducted in India generated preliminary evidence around the effectiveness of the strategy that can inform larger definitive trials.

Principles of quantum interference can guide the design of chromophores that undergo singlet fission. Now, ‘pencil and paper’ graphical models can be used to understand and predict the dynamics of triplet pairs generated through singlet fission in bridged dimers.

CRISPR screens identify JNK–JUN family genes as repressors of definitive endoderm differentiation in human pluripotent stem cells. JUN co-occupies stem cell enhancers with OCT4, NANOG, SMAD2 and SMAD3 and inhibits the exit from pluripotency.

In situ measurements of the elemental abundances in the lunar southern high-latitude regions show that the local terrain is fairly uniform and mostly composed of ferroan anorthosite, a product of lunar magma ocean crystallization.

Membrane proteins depend on their lipid environments. Using aquaporin as a model, the authors show that the choice of lipid bilayer fundamentally affects membrane protein structure, thermodynamics, kinetic, and function, even to the point of lipid-based inhibition.

Solvent structuring affects the energy landscape of catalytic reactions, but the quantitative understanding of such effects remains difficult. Now, the structure of water within the micropores of different zeolites is disclosed together with the effects that its reorganization has over alkene epoxidation catalysis.

The kinesin-1 motor protein accesses open active and closed autoinhibited states. These states are regulated by a flexible elbow within a complex coiled-coil architecture. Now, a conformational switch has been developed by engineering the elbow to create a closed state that can be controllably opened with a de novo designed peptide to increase kinesin transport inside cells.

Mathieson et al. carried out a genome-wide association study of reproductive success (number of children born) in humans, revealing the importance of diverse neuro-endocrine and behavioural factors.

Yang et al. report that HHEX acts as a gatekeeper of pancreatic lineage specification against the liver and duodenum fates via guiding FOXA1, FOXA2 and GATA4 to activate pancreatic genes, while restraining them from activating alternative lineages.

Measurements of the inelastic cross section of anti-³He allow the estimation of the transparency of the Milky Way to the propagation of these light antinuclei produced in either cosmic-ray collisions or annihilation of dark-matter particles.

The involvement of nuclear pore proteins in cellular mechanosensing and metastasis is unclear. Here the authors identify that nuclear pore protein NUP210 promotes metastasis through the interaction with mechanotransducer LINC complex protein and chromatin to regulate mechanosensitive genes.

The CELSRs are cell-surface receptors with large extracellular regions (ECRs) essential for development. Here, the authors determine the structure of the CELSR ECR and define elements of the ECR important for CELSR-mediated cell adhesion.

Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of 470 mostly high-risk neuroblastomas collected from 283 patients delineates subtype-specific evolutionary patterns and progression-related convergent evolution and describes the clonal dynamics of metastases.

Matthew Meyerson, Ramaswamy Govindan and colleagues examine the exome sequences and copy number profiles of 660 lung adenocarcinoma and 484 lung squamous cell carcinoma tumors. They identify novel significantly mutated genes and amplification peaks and find that around half of the tumors have at least five predicted neoepitopes.

Burying beetles feed their offspring on the carrion of vertebrate animals. Here, the authors study gene expression in the insect’s gut, as well as the composition of the microbiota in the gut and in carcasses, providing evidence for metabolic cooperation between host and specific microbes.

Xiao, Woodham, Cui, et al. apply machine learning to brain MRI data from major depression and the UK Biobank. They identify two neuroanatomical dimensions, one linked to preserved brain structure and healthier outcomes, and the other to reduced volumes, impaired cognition, self-harm, and adverse metabolic and genetic profiles.

Electron–positron pair plasma—a state of matter with a complete symmetry between negatively and positively charged particles—are found in many astrophysical object. Here, the authors use high-power laser to create an ion-free electron–positron plasma in the laboratory.

The crystal structure of arrestin-1 is reported, in which the activation step is mimicked by C-tail truncation; the structure of this pre-activated arrestin is markedly different from the basal state and gives an insight into the activation mechanism.

Jones et al. examine the generalizability of the valence–dominance model of social judgements of faces in 41 countries across 11 world regions. They find evidence of both generalizability and variation, depending on the analytical method.

This analysis looks at the impacts and outcomes from installing solar arrays on agricultural land, finding that these ‘agrisolar’ projects can displace food production but simultaneously provide economic security and offset water use.

Here, the authors show that chromatin at certain transposable elements (TEs) is coated with acetylation at H4K16, which can lead to increased local chromatin accessibility and transcription activation. In turn, these acetylated TEs display enhancer-like capabilities to regulate gene expression in cis.

Sarcomas are rare tumours with many different subtypes and clinical outcomes; a broader knowledge of their genetic features is required. Here, the authors analyse 2138 soft tissue and bone sarcomas across 45 subtypes using MSK-IMPACT targeted sequencing and find genomic groups that are distinct from histological subgroups.

The cryo-electron microscopy structure of mouse MFSD2A sheds light on the mechanism that underlies its lipid transport functions, which have a pivotal role in regulating the blood–brain barrier.